Semantic Web and Ontology
samira esmaeili; Mohammad Hassan Azimi
Abstract
The purpose of the current research is to draw and analyze the intellectual structure and evolution of knowledge in the field of RDF with the method of co-occurrence analysis of words and clustering of concepts and events in this field.This is an applied research that was carried out with a scientometric ...
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The purpose of the current research is to draw and analyze the intellectual structure and evolution of knowledge in the field of RDF with the method of co-occurrence analysis of words and clustering of concepts and events in this field.This is an applied research that was carried out with a scientometric approach.The statistical population of this research includes all the researches conducted in the field ofRDF in the Web of Science database from1998-2021Also,the data collection tool in this research is note-taking and the data analysis tool is co-occurrence analysis of words and network analysis using Vosviewer,Netdrow, Spss and Bibexecl software.The findings of the research showed that the keywords RDF, Semantic web, Ontoloty,linked data and SPARQL are the most frequent words and the keywords RDF*semantic web,RDF*Academic Ontology and RDF*SPARQL are the most frequent word pairs. Also, the co-occurrence analysis of words network includes six clusters named data model scalability.RDF representation of bibliographic entities and relations.ontology alignment.semantic web and linked data.data management and publishing and data mining.The clusters of data model scalability.ontology alignment.data management and publishing and data mining have not yet reached sufficient maturity and require a lot of follow-up and research in these fields.The results showed that the scientific productions of the RDF field, despite its upward publication trend, have more subject dispersion and are more oriented towards the semantic web, and the analysis of the co-occurrence network of words in this field also has a greater subject dispersion,which indicates the interest of researchers to various topics in this area
Semantic Web and Ontology
MohamadJavad Esmaili; Seyed Ali Asghar Razavi; Safiyeh Tahmasebi Limooni
Abstract
1. IntroductionThe importance of this research will be to add more color to the inherent characteristics of the field of information science and epistemology in terms of storing and retrieving information and meeting the information needs of the clients by producing an archive ontology and the role and ...
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1. IntroductionThe importance of this research will be to add more color to the inherent characteristics of the field of information science and epistemology in terms of storing and retrieving information and meeting the information needs of the clients by producing an archive ontology and the role and impact of the information profession in meeting the information needs of the clients.2. Literatur ReviewSince librarians play an intermediary role in the exchange of knowledge. In the new era, their challenges and the scope of their responsibilities have increased significantly so that they are able to be important helpers to control the expanding world of information.What constitutes the main problem of information science today is the methods of accessing information. If previously the concern of information science specialists was to regularly collect resources and provide bibliographies, now most efforts are focused on providing more information about resources and delivering them to the end user. For these reasons, it can be said that today the traditional structures of libraries have collapsed and the new order has replaced it. In the past, the traditional role of reference department employees of libraries and information centers was to provide bibliographic information to the referents, that is, to provide information about the information, but today their duty is to guide the referents to the same information. Another important thing that happened in the process of the information revolution is the sharing of resources, the creation of information networks using new information technologies made not only the information centers of a country but all the information centers of the world share in each other's resources. (Mahdavi, 1998)Libraries play an intermediary role in the exchange of knowledge, the emergence of the Internet created the impression that libraries will go away, but the passage of time has shown that this impression only stems from a lack of proper understanding of the position and function of the library (Middleton, 2012)3. MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and sequential combination (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of type. In this way, first by using the library method based on the study of literature and backgrounds related to the subject, the components and characteristics of the dictionary were extracted, then by using the qualitative method (Delphi study) based on the opinions of experts in information science and an in-depth interview was conducted in three stages, the components were extracted by the content analysis method and the lexical circle was determined. After the analysis of quantitative data, the necessity of creating an ontology for radio and television archives became clearer, and in the following, the proposed ontology model of radio and television archives was presented.In this research, the studied community of archivists of radio and television archives in Tehran, whose number was 120, has been investigated through a census through a digital questionnaire. Also, in order to present the proposed ontology model, the words related to the topics and production programs in the broadcasting organization were collected and a preliminary ontology was prepared for the broadcasting archive as a sample using Protege software. The proposed ontology resulting from the transformation of concepts in the field of radio and television programs, which is available in its archives, was carried out in four stages: collecting concepts, discovering and determining the relationships between concepts, creating a worksheet for each concept and implementing the ontology in the project environment. This proposed model can be useful for producing the ontology of radio and television archives.
4. ResultsAfter three rounds of interviews with experts in the field of archives (10 experts in the field of archives and managers of radio and television archives in Tehran) and analysis of the opinions of the participants in the Delphi study panel, it was determined that 15 components were used to measure vocabulary. From these main components, a number of quantitative questions were developed by the researcher. 85 questions were asked from the statistical population. The following results are the results of the analysis of the research questionnaire for the section related to the vocabulary of radio and television archivists:Descriptive statistics indices such as: frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation have been used to examine and analyze the respondents' information. Research hypotheses are also used. The structural equation modeling technique has been tested. In order to get a better understanding of the research community and get more familiar with the research variables, before analyzing the statistical data, it is necessary to describe these data. Therefore, before testing the research hypotheses, the descriptive statistics of the variables used in the research were examined. The average, as one of the central parameters, represents the center of gravity of the society, and in other words, it shows that if the average is placed instead of all the observations of the society, there will be no change in the sum total of the society's data. Also, the maximum shows the highest variable number in the statistical population and the minimum shows the lowest variable number in the statistical population.5. Discussion and ConclusionBroadcasting archives play a role in program production as the beating heart of programming, since these centers are considered as a center for storing the produced resources, less attention has been paid to their role and influence in the program production process. Radio archivists, since they are educated in information science and science, and professionally, can play an effective role in retrieving information and providing optimal information for producing programs and helping to improve the programming process. Archive ontology and training related to information retrieval and the use of information retrieval tools can play a more colorful role in professional activity. The strength of the relationship between the rich vocabulary and the quality of the information provided by radio archivists has been calculated as 0.74, which shows that there is a favorable correlation between vocabulary and ontology in information delivery. The t-statistic of the test is also 2.14, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. 1.96, and it shows that the observed correlation is significant. Therefore, the hypothesis of the research is confirmed and it can be said that there is a direct relationship between the rich vocabulary and the quality of information provided by radio archivists and the ontology of the archive.Enhancing their vocabulary, which is one of the main components of the field of information science and epistemology, can help in achieving the goal of providing quality information and retrieving resources in archives and using them in programming. The results of the present research also confirm the opinion that an archivist with a rich vocabulary using archive ontology can be useful in retrieving information and providing information optimally. The proposed ontology resulting from the transformation of concepts in the field of radio and television programs, which is available in its archives, was carried out in four stages: collecting concepts, discovering and determining the relationships between concepts, creating a worksheet for each concept and implementing the ontology in the project environment. This proposed model can be useful for the production of the ontology of radio and television archives.
Semantic Web and Ontology
Zeynab Sabbaghi Bidgoli; Atefeh Sharif; Fatemeh Zandian
Abstract
IntroductionThe emergence of the web facilitated the retrieval of information. This made libraries as one of the most important centers of information considering the web for the information retrieval process. However, the fast change of the web leads to the transformation of library functions. The semantic ...
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IntroductionThe emergence of the web facilitated the retrieval of information. This made libraries as one of the most important centers of information considering the web for the information retrieval process. However, the fast change of the web leads to the transformation of library functions. The semantic web is an opportunity for libraries to change their functions. Linked data as a method in the semantic web can make a major change in library functions. It can improve the discoverability, visibility, and interoperability of the resources. For example, all libraries use authority controls for organizing their information. But using authority controls in a traditional way can be challenging. Therefore, using the web can help libraries tackle these potential challenges and problems. Transforming authority data into linked data which seems an innovative and faster way for finding the resources can be a step forward for libraries and users. This paper aims to design a framework for transforming the National Library of Iran Subject Headings into linked data and publish them on the web.
Literature ReviewDesigning and proposing a framework for linking the data was the topic of some research papers. Linking the university data (Behkamal et al., 2011) linking and visualizing medicine information (Sekhavati, Farahi, & Jalali, 2011) web objects (Hosseini, 2020), table data (Mulwad et al., 2010), Industrial Data (Graube et al.,2012), and government data (Villazón-Terraza, Vilches-Blázquez, Corcho, & Gómez-Pérez, 2011; Mulwad, Finin, & Joshi, 2011) were the topics for some reviewed studies. The results of their studies indicated that in general, linked data could improve information retrieval. Implementing a linked data method in library data was discussed in some papers. Kar & Das (2020) designed a methodology for linking bibliographic information in a digital repository. Similarly, Ryan et al. (2015) examined the linking of place names in a dataset, transferring them into RDF and linking them with other similar datasets. Summers, et al (2008) provide a methodology for transferring subject headings into linked data. their results showed that transferring LCSH into SKOS affects information retrieval. The linking and publishing National Library of Iran data were also investigated by Eslami & Vaghefzadeh (2013). Fathian Dastgerdi et al (2020) tried to make a pattern for linking data in library systems. They examined the components which are needed for implementing the linked data method in library systems. Their result showed that using linked data in library systems affects the visibility of bibliographic metadata. Based on the reviewed studies, many international papers discussed publishing library linked data in theoretical and practical ways. Whereas studies done in Iran focusing on linked data mostly developed patterns and models for linking data (e.g., Fathian Dastgerrdi; 2020). Few Persian studies were done for publishing bibliographic data (e.g., Eslami & Vaghefzadeh, 2013; Sekhavati, 2011). Although there is a significant number of papers discussing linked data, the technical aspect for publishing and linking library data was rarely examined. To fill this gap, this study aims to develop a framework for publishing National Library of Iran subject headings which is unlike Fathian Dastgerdi et al., (2020) paper considers the technical tools and aspects and unlike Sekhavati’s (2011) paper examines the Persian subject headings.
MethodologyThis research is an applied study that utilizes a library method for designing a publishing framework. Linked data was implemented to ensure the possibility of publishing the research data. First, Persian subject headings which are represented in Iran MARC format were obtained in Marc XML files From the National Library of Iran. Then the method for transferring and publishing the data was applied.
Results The framework developed in this research collected National Library of Iran subject headings randomly. The selected data were first cleaned by Microsoft Excel and MarcEdit. In the next step, cleaned data were converted into RDF Using OpenRefine. The study’s project was imported to Open Refine software, linked with external datasets, and saved in a triple store. Finally, the linked subject headings were displayed through the Skosmos interface.DiscussionPublishing library data as linked data is an example of utilizing Web 3 in library systems. National libraries worldwide have tried linking their data including subject headings with other datasets. However, there remains a gap in publishing linked Persian subject headings and to the best of the authors' knowledge it seems that no paper has pointed to technical aspects of implementing Persian subject headings.
ConclusionThe current paper has transformed the Persian subject headings into a linked dataset in an RDF turtle format. Then, it visualized the linked data in the Skosmos interface. But there can be some limitations to this study. Using OpenRefine was reported successfully in this paper, but it seems that there may be a problem in data with larger sizes. In conclusion, since this framework improve the retrieval of authority data in this research, it can be used for publishing National library of Iran subject headings.
