Mahboubeh Rabiei; Zoya Abam
Abstract
Self-organization in the sense of the ability of biological, natural and social systems to change their structure by themselves during the process of their interaction with the environment is one of the most important cybernetic and conceptual principles at the core of systems science. Although self-organizing ...
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Self-organization in the sense of the ability of biological, natural and social systems to change their structure by themselves during the process of their interaction with the environment is one of the most important cybernetic and conceptual principles at the core of systems science. Although self-organizing is rooted in biology and physics, but also social systems, the Internet and virtual social networks because of the characteristics of self-organized systems (such as complexity, dynamism, imbalance, spontaneity, interaction, recreation, self-preservation, synergy, positive feedback and Negative and...) Can be considered self-organizing. Society can be described as a self-creating and self-organizing system that is able to reproduce and organize itself through structural actions and interactions and social actors and based on human creative activities. The Internet is also a technological-social system (consisting of a technological subsystem or networks consisting of computer networks and social subsystems or networks consisting of social communication networks) and a network of networks in which the human factor plays a key role in web self-organization.The present study was conducted in a conceptual review manner with the aim of explaining the principle of self-organization in social systems, especially the Internet and virtual social networks.
Negin Shokrzadeh; Zoya Abam; Seyed Mahdi Taheri
Abstract
Objective: Today, meta-models are used to organize and manage metadata, therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the research related to the design techniques of meta-models.Methodology: This study was conducted based on a systematic review method. In this review, the Preferred Reporting Items ...
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Objective: Today, meta-models are used to organize and manage metadata, therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the research related to the design techniques of meta-models.Methodology: This study was conducted based on a systematic review method. In this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework was employed to ensure a focused review and to present coherent findings. Relevant research was identified through databases and citation sources such as Web of Science, Scopus, Emerald, Taylor & Francis, and Science Direct, and by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 scholarly outputs were selected for the systematic review.Findings: The findings of the review indicated that metamodel refers to metadata about metadata, providing a higher-level framework that describes the structure, relationships, and contextual purpose of metadata elements in various systems. It essentially aids in the standardization, organization, and interpretation of metadata from multiple sources, facilitating and expediting the integrity, interoperability, and usability of data. Metamodel elements within systems serve as key components for information management and organization. These elements include characteristics related to the quality of metadata, like accuracy, completeness, and currency of the metadata. Meta-models aim to enhance the capabilities of data management and retrieval in complex and heterogeneous systems, incorporating flexible and practical features into their structures.Conclusion: Meta-metadata models,, play a crucial role in optimizing information management and retrieval processes, especially in complex and diverse environments. Implementing these approaches can lead to the development of effective and efficient systems across various fields.
Semantic Web and Ontology
Leila Arabgari; Masoumeh Karbalee Agha Kamran; Zoya Abam; Atefeh Sharif
Abstract
IntroductionThe present research attempts to identify standard metadata elements for organizing learning objects in the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities based on the learning object metadata standard. The present research aims to design an ontology model of electronic ...
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IntroductionThe present research attempts to identify standard metadata elements for organizing learning objects in the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities based on the learning object metadata standard. The present research aims to design an ontology model of electronic learning objects in the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities in order to better display the identification metadata elements. From the semantic point of view, showing semantic relationships between learning objects and better retrieval of learning objects in order to take an effective step towards managing and making information resources available for e-learning. Literature ReviewThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Learning Technology Standards Committee defines a learning object as a digital entity that can be used, reused, or referenced during learning (reusability). One of the electronic learning resources is online learning object repositories. Repositories of learning objects are basically the storage of research data and educational materials. To efficiently retrieve educational materials according to the needs of e-learners, educational materials are tagged with a set of metadata that describe educational works such as document topic, document type, etc. Metadata is an important component of learning object description resources. Metadata is also important for interoperability operations. This is because schema metadata is transferable in interoperability standards. The ontology of learning objects for the field of e-learning provides semantic connections between learning objects and provides high-level information and the development of e-learning. Therefore, the ontology of e-learning objects for organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities provides accurate and meaningful learning objects for the e-learning community. The proposed ontology in this research is based on the metadata standard of the learning object and the characteristics of the learning objects to help the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities in organizing their information, quickly and accurately retrieving educational materials, facilitating the reuse of content and improving the quality of the electronic learning process and it even provides the use of objects to create a general context of learning environments using a concept map of e-learning. In fact, the ontology design of electronic learning objects for the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities based on the learning object metadata standard helps to describe the learning objects in a structured way, and this importantly improves the retrieval of learning content and better access to electronic learning content in the repositories. Methodology The purpose of the research is applied research. In the current research, the observation and survey method was used and the matching of the standard metadata elements of the learning object with the metadata elements of the learning objects in the organizational repositories of the research community was discussed. Then, the researcher-made questionnaire was provided to the experts to perform the Delphi technique in order to modify and validate the identified elements. In the next step, a verified set of elements and entities for e-learning objects was obtained in the organizational repositories of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Finally, based on the identified entities, the ontological model of electronic learning objects was designed based on the learning object metadata standard in the organizational repositories of Iranian medical sciences universities.The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire and a standard metadata framework of the learning object. Version 5.6.1 of Protege software was used. During the ontology construction process, the software outputs were evaluated by experts in the field. After confirming the concepts and relationships, a conceptual structure was presented based on the findings. Results The findings showed that the designed ontological model consisting of 162 classes with a total of 189 types of relationships and 2220 samples located in the classes was illustrated. Conclusion The results of the research showed that the learning object metadata standard is comprehensive as a combined standard that includes all types of metadata. Based on the identified entities based on the learning object metadata standard, the ontological model of electronic learning objects was designed in the organizational repositories of Iranian universities of medical sciences. The designed ontology has the overall accuracy as well as the accuracy of different components. The result of this ontology is to present a conceptual structure consisting of concepts in an explicit form in a formal format. By applying ontology based on the learning object metadata standard in the structure of organizational repositories of medical sciences universities of Iran, it is possible to fix possible errors in the semantic level of data, including improving retrieval, better access, and designing intelligent systems.
Zoya Abam; Mohaddeseh Afzali
Abstract
IntroductionResearch Data Services (RDS) are defined as services that support the research data lifecycle. Introduction: Although researchers are responsible for the stages of creating and collecting, processing, and analyzing their research data, the responsibility for the reuse of data, the stages ...
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IntroductionResearch Data Services (RDS) are defined as services that support the research data lifecycle. Introduction: Although researchers are responsible for the stages of creating and collecting, processing, and analyzing their research data, the responsibility for the reuse of data, the stages of tracking and obtaining research data files, evaluation and selection, secure storage, description, organization, protection, and long-term preservation in the data lifecycle is not with researchers. All of these stages are areas in the data lifecycle that should be carried out by "Research Data Services". The purpose of this study was to identify the status of research data services (RDS) in central libraries of public universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) and to determine the status and identify its importance and requirements. Literature ReviewThe need for infrastructure in the field of research, including the challenges of managing research data, is essential (Osareh, Sam & Ghaebi, 2022; Singh, Bharti and Madalli, 2022; Kim, 2021; Chiware & Becker, 2018; Nhendodzashe & Pasipamire, 2017; Tenopir et al., 2017). Many research findings have indicated that the provision of these services in universities is still in its early stages. (Singh, Bharti & Madalli, 2022; Chiware & Becker, 2018; Nhendodzashe & Pasipamire, 2017). However, these services are recently being offered in the university libraries of some developed countries. (Yu, 2017; Tenopir et al., 2017; Cox, et al., 2017; Kerby, 2016; Si et al., 2015). Some research findings have acknowledged that librarians and libraries are the best resources for providing research data services. Additionally, librarians believe that conducting these services through libraries is of great importance, considering it enhances the library’s collection and services (Kim, 2021; Faniel & Connaway, 2017; Tenopir et al., 2017; Si et al., 2015; Searle et al., 2015). Meanwhile, other research findings have shown the need to increase librarians’ professional knowledge in this area (Cox, et al., 2017; Chiware & Becker, 2018; Faniel & Connaway; Nhendodzashe & Pasipamire, 2017; Searle, 2015; Hiom, 2015). By surveying and summarizing the research on research data services, one may conclude that the field of research data services is a relatively new area with its specific issues and subjects. MethodologyThe present research is an applied one in terms of purpose which has been conducted in a descriptive survey method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire consists of 4 parts and contains a total of 49 items. The statistical population consists of 94 managers of central libraries of public universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology(MSRT). Finally, 72 (76.59%) managers answered the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsResearch findings indicated that library managers have a positive attitude towards the importance of research data services and more than 70% of them strongly agree that library data research services are of great importance. The findings also showed that all the requirements for research data services are very important. But based on average ratings, availability of appropriate technology infrastructure for research data services (8.85), development of enterprise repository software for research data management (8.85), existence of a research data plan for research data services (8.76), development of librarians' knowledge and skills in research data services (8.42) and librarians' desire to develop their knowledge and skills in research data services (8.33) were the most important requirements for providing research data services. In addition, currently, many libraries intend to perform research data services (between one to three years or more over the next three years), some of which have no plans to provide these services and few of them provide these services partially or completely. The findings also indicated that from the point of view of managers, the librarians' knowledge and skills of central libraries of public universities affiliated to MSRT (3.1 average) are generally above average for performing research data services. DiscussionThe provision of research data services by the library is important for various reasons. Among these, the benefits and advantages include adequate responsiveness to the research needs of the university by the library, allocation of scientific, executive, and functional credit for executing innovative research services to the library, increased collaboration between the library and faculty members, postgraduate students, and planning for allocating more budget to library services. Undertaking research data services leads to the integrated management of various research resources generated in the university, enhancement of library collections and services, and the benefit of researchers from library-based research data services. Considering the mentioned points and the current status of research data services in libraries, it can be stated that with appropriate planning for creating and developing the identified essential requirements, steps toward the advancement and improvement of the current situation can be taken. However, preparing the prerequisites for providing these services itself is somewhat of facing the challenges of its execution and overcoming obstacles in operationalizing such services. This matter requires comprehensive and all-encompassing support from the university for the library and timely and effective efforts by the library. ConclusionConsidering the importance of providing research data services by academic libraries, paying attention to the requirements of these services can be effective in the improvement of performing the research data services in academic libraries. There is also a fundamental need to develop librarians' knowledge and skills in research data services. The results of this research can be used in universities, especially the central libraries of universities, to plan research data services.
Zoya Abam; Elmira Safyan
Abstract
The research was to study the attributes of seals in identity documents and to present a suggested pattern for information organization of seals.This was an applied study performed by using documentary study and descriptive survey.Data were gathered by analyzing 8 main works related to seals and identify ...
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The research was to study the attributes of seals in identity documents and to present a suggested pattern for information organization of seals.This was an applied study performed by using documentary study and descriptive survey.Data were gathered by analyzing 8 main works related to seals and identify documents of seals in 7 museums inside and 45 ones outside of Iran. The importance of each element was evaluated through implementation of Delphi technique. Based on the findings, a pattern was suggested for organization and documentation of seals and for preparing identity documents in museums. The proposed elements and standard bibliographic elements (MARC & DC) were studied comparatively.Findings showed there was no suitable pattern for organizing information of seals in the museums. Based on findings, 102 elements in 18 sub-groups and 2 main groups of “descriptive” and “management” were identified for organization and documentation of information of museum Seals .Comparison of 102 suggested elements with elements of MARC21 showed there were no definite fields for 33 proposed elements in MARC21 and no equivalents for 46 proposed elements in Dublin Core(DC). Therefore, the standards werenot suitable enough for organization and documentation of information of museum seals, The results can help in integrating and facilitating the organization of information and documentation of museum seal. Suggested pattern can be applied for codifying identity documents of seals. Elements can be used in extensive and accurate information retrieval, information validation, management and providing appropriate context for research in the fields of seals and information organization.
