How to write an article

Considering the nature of the specialized journals of the university and their scientific degree, the emphasis of the content of this section is on the way of organizing and writing research articles. However, other types of articles may be accepted and published at the discretion of each journal's editorial board. Because in addition to research articles, it is possible to publish other types of articles such as review articles, theoretical articles, letters to the editor, etc. A wider level is available.

Obviously, all types of articles have common and different features. These features are generally related to their content and structure. In this section, although due to the importance of research articles compared to other articles, the content and structure of research articles are described, but the common features of other articles are also discussed. In most of the sources that describe and explain the types of articles, as in the approach of the present text, the emphasis is always on research articles. Before submitting the article to the journals of Allameh Tabatabai University, it is recommended to consider the following points in writing and editing the article:

1. Content of the article

1. The content of the article must be related to the subject of the magazine;

2. The bulk of articles in each issue of a journal is dedicated to research articles that are reports of a specific research;

3. The article has not been sent or published before to any domestic or foreign publication. It should be noted that the authors must refrain from sending the article to another quarterly magazine for four months after sending it to another quarterly magazine, and during this period they should be aware of the status of the submitted article through the electronic system or the internal manager of the quarterly magazine.

2. The structure of the article

Each research paper has this general structure: title, author(s) and their organizational affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, background review, methodology, findings, discussion and conclusion, references. Explanations will be provided for each of these sections separately, in the knowledge retrieval quarterly and semantic systems, research articles will be included in the judging process.

1-2. Title

The first page of every article is the title page. On the first page, the title of the article, the name of the author(s) and their organizational affiliation, abstract and keywords should be given. The title of the article should be accurate, and as short and interesting as possible to make the reader interested in reading the article. It also shows the main idea of the article, and briefly states the variables, the problem and the relationship between them. The number of words used in the title should be between 10 and 15 words (Hassanzadeh, 2012). The title should not be too short or too long. If the title is too short, it will confuse the reader and create ambiguity in him, and if the title is too long, it will cause the reader not to pay attention to it.

It is desirable to avoid using extra words in the title of the article. For example, using words such as "studies about", other than meta-analysis, is not allowed. Avoid using non-keywords such as "review", "comparison", "evaluation", and "study" at the beginning or end of the title. It is recommended to include the variable or dependent variables as a function of the independent variable or variables in the title. If the title of the article is extracted from the thesis or research project, it is not necessary for the title of the article to be completely similar to the title of the thesis or research project (Hassanzadeh, 2012).

2-2. Author/authors and affiliated organization/organizations

After the title, the name of the creator(s) is written and their organizational affiliation is stated. In the new structure, only the email for the responsible author should be included, the included email should be an organizational email. If the author is not affiliated with a particular organization, his educational qualification should be included.

The order of writing the names of the author(s) depends on their cooperation and is an agreement between the author(s) of the article. If the amount of activity of all creators is the same, their names can be written in alphabetical order. You should avoid writing titles like doctor, professor, engineer, etc.

Important note: In the new article publication structure, all authors must have an ORCID code. To get an ORCID code, you can go to the Orchid website at https://orcid.org/ and after registering there, get your Orchid code for free. Click here to access the guide for receiving the orchid code.

3-2. Abstract

There are different types of abstracts. Each type of abstract is suitable for certain types of articles. For research articles and other articles that report a research, a full-length abstract is used. But the suitable abstract for other types of articles that do not consider a specific research report is the guiding abstract. For theoretical (conceptual) articles, a full-length abstract is also recommended. In the following, the three mentioned abstracts are described:

1-3-2. Full view abstract

This type of abstract is prepared for research articles. Its content includes purpose, methodology, findings, innovation (value) and conclusion, respectively. In its structured form, the mentioned content is presented separately. Its volume is between 150 and 250 words. When this abstract is prepared for theses and dissertations, it can be up to 500 words. It is recommended to write each type of abstract in one paragraph. The content of the full-length abstract should make the reader unnecessary to read the text of the article. Its structured form is presented below:

     Target
     Methodology
     findings
     innovation (value)
     Conclusion

2-3-2. Summary of the guide

It is prepared for review articles or other articles other than research articles. This abstract is a representation of the most important topics raised in the article and not a summary of the topics themselves, and it only shows the necessity of reading the text of the article and does not make the reader unnecessary to read the text. Its volume is between 75 and 150 words. Its structured type is:

     Scope
     The logic (argument) used
     Conclusion

3-3-2. Full View Summary - Help

A combination of the previous two abstracts, especially for theoretical (conceptual) articles. Its volume is similar to the volume of the abstract of the guide.

4-3-2. Extended abstract

There is another type of abstract that is very suitable for indexing in indexes (citation databases) such as Scopus or Thomson Reuters. The preparation and editing of this type of abstract is recommended for all specialized journals of the university.

4-2. Abstract keywords

The terms of this section should be exactly extracted from the text of the abstract and refer to the main subject concepts. In some sources, it is recommended to set the keywords alphabetically. The number of keywords or key phrases should be between 5 and 7 terms.

5-2. Introduction

The content of the introduction based on the latest guidelines and international standards includes introductory explanations, statement of the problem, main goal, questions or hypotheses, and background review.

All these items should be put together like pieces of a puzzle so that after finishing this section, the reader will have a general picture of all the information used in this article.

6-2. Browse backgrounds

If it is necessary to review and present the backgrounds in a separate section, and it is not considered appropriate to review the backgrounds in the introduction due to its brevity, it is possible to review the backgrounds in an independent section after the introduction. In this first part, the introductory material about the research topic is stated, and then the research background is reviewed. A logical conclusion is then drawn from the background review, and the existing research gap(s) are indicated. Obviously, the best review method is the analytical or analytical-critical method, in which the records are grouped based on similarities in approach, regardless of the time and place of their implementation, and the opinion and viewpoint of the researcher(s) regarding them are expressed.

7-2. Methodology

This section includes the design, method or approach of the research (with a detailed description of the general method and the specific method of conducting the research), the research community, the data collection tool, and the data analysis method. In the first stage, the researcher must explain the research method and the research plan in order to The reader got a clear picture of what happened during the research. Therefore, it is necessary to provide detailed and clear explanations of the process, such as the method of applying the independent variable, defining the variables, sampling method, assigning people to the experimental and control groups, how to record the reaction of the samples to the independent variable, how to record and measure the dependent variable, and so on. .

The researcher should specify the intended community so that the reader of the research knows which people this research has been studied on. Then he should specify the subjects or participants in the research, who actually determined the research sample. Of course, in case studies, the method of selecting the sample and the type of subject is different from the samples of other researches.

  The next step, the researcher determines the means and tools of the research (data collection). In this section, it is necessary to pay attention to this point, if the means and tools used in the scientific community of the audience are known, there is no need to give a detailed and complete explanation, and only mention the name of the test or the research tool along with a brief explanation about the reliability and The validity of the tool is sufficient. But if the research tool is designed by the researcher himself, a full explanation of how to evaluate the reliability and validity of the tool is required. Then, the method of data analysis should be described, and the statistical steps taken should be mentioned.

8-2. data analysis

The analysis and expression of the collected data in statistical (descriptive and inferential), qualitative, and mixed formats along with the limited interpretation of the data is done in this section. It should be noted that to explain and represent the collected data, it is sufficient to use one of the graph, figure, and table tools. In cases where the research has a question, the answer to the question should be explained clearly and unambiguously. If there is a hypothesis in the research, the detailed description of the tests should be done and the rejected or confirmed hypotheses should be specified.

9-2. Discussion

The main value of research lies in this section. Because the research findings are determined, and the researcher's final understanding of the research is expressed. In general, in this section, the detailed interpretation of the data and the expression of the researcher's point of view regarding the findings, the comparison of the research findings with the findings of previous researches and showing the position of the research among similar researches, the brief statement of the limitations that the research has faced while conducting , and presenting the research proposal(s) deduced from the research findings.

Research design

In some researches (mostly in experimental researches) it is necessary to express the conceptual design of the research in detail before writing the findings. The purpose of expressing the conceptual design of the research is to investigate how the independent variable affects the dependent variable. Therefore, at this stage, it should be explained how to control disturbing variables, and how to remove their effect on the dependent variable and the independent variable.

     Having several tests in one article

If it is intended to present and reproduce the findings of several researches in one article, an effort should be made to clearly mention the foundation, logic and methodology of the researches for the reader. If necessary, each research can be described separately and briefly, such as "Experiment 1", "Experiment 2" and others. It also provided a description of the integration of the findings. "Methodology" and "Findings" sections should be included under the title of each research.

      Metaanalysis

A lot has been said about meta-analysis in various sources, and it is sufficient to mention only a few points here. If the number of articles in the meta-analysis was limited (for example, less than 50 titles), the bibliographic information of the articles should be listed in the reference list, and distinguished from other sources by an asterisk. Otherwise, the bibliographic information of the articles should be arranged in a separate list, and made available as a separate file but linked with the archived article.

10-2. Appreciation

In the presented article, be sure to acknowledge the people who have helped you in conducting your research in one paragraph.

11-2. References

The sources used in the article should be adjusted based on the way of referring to the Persian and Latin sources of Allameh Tabatabai University and related instructions. Refer to the method of writing the list of sources.

Important note: In order to comply with the standards and maintain uniformity, use the format of the structure of the articles.

Guide to setting the size and font of articles

Guide to setting the size and font of the English abstract