Knowledge Retrieval and Semantic Systems

Abstract 1.Introduction
Knowledge organization is an old but fundamental topic in library and information science. The importance of knowledge organization is not limited to the fact that knowledge must be organized; otherwise, it cannot be retrieved and reused. Knowledge organization must be updated regularly to reflect the progress of human knowledge; therefore, changes are inevitable. Hence, it can be said that knowledge organization has become more important, diverse, and widespread in today's world. Published research often describes only specific aspects, which only provides a partial picture of the landscape of knowledge organization research. In fact, it is difficult for researchers to gain a comprehensive view of the field by reviewing such articles. This is possible by using scientometric tools. To promote the progress of scientific research and its publication, collaborations between researchers should be examined. Co-authorship, as one of the most formal manifestations of scientific collaboration, is an activity in which two or more authors participate in the production of science together. The expansion, specialization, and complexity of science in all fields have made it impossible for researchers to master not only all sciences, but also all topics in their field of expertise. Given this on the one hand, and the growth of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences and research on the other, researchers are forced to collaborate with other people. This has led to co-authorship and its growth and expansion. By analyzing co-authorship networks, the social characteristics of the knowledge structure at different levels such as individuals, organizations, sectors, and countries can be revealed. It is expected that the results of this study will help experts in this field to understand the structure of the scientific collaboration community and identify its active authors. This will allow them to quickly decide on emerging issues, trends, and key scientists. The results of this study will also play an important role in future policy-making in knowledge organization and will provide better insight into the authors and co-authorship network in this field. In light of the above, this paper examines the co-authorship structure of Persian knowledge organization articles using centrality indices.

Literature Review

As mentioned, scientometrics can provide a clear view of the changes in the field under study and can be of great help in this regard. Various studies have been published on various topics with the focus of examining co-authorship networks. In this section, due to the large number of published studies, a list of some of them will be presented. The first group examines national or regional co-authorship collaborations. For example, Hong and Hwang (2017) examined co-authorship networks of faculty and students in humanities and social sciences journals in South Korea. In the second category, researchers have examined the extent of scientific collaboration between universities, centers, and institutions at the national and international levels. Fujita et al. (2018) also examined co-authorship networks in physics and biology in organizational research. The third group of co-authorship studies is related to scientific collaborations in a specific subject area. In this type of research, the extent of national and international collaboration of researchers in a specific subject area or discipline at the national and international levels has been examined. Gonzalez-Valente, Santos, and Arencibia (2019) also examined the social structure of co-authorship in knowledge management in their study. Fan, Li, and Lu (2020) also examined co-authorship networks in the tourism industry. The fourth group of co-authorship studies examines the extent of scientific collaborations within a specific journal or journals. Kim et al. (2017) examined the co-authorship network of articles in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and Zheng et al. (2017) examined the co-authorship network of the Annals of the American Geographical Society.

Methodology

This research is an applied type that has been done with the approach of scientometrics and analysis of social networks. The research data were selected from 106 keywords of his knowledge organization in the title field, which were selected after consultation with subject matter experts in this field; Together with all the articles published in selected journals of information science and epistemology indexed in the Islamic World Science Citation Center from 1378 to 1398. Finally, the retrieved records were limited to research papers, conference papers, and review papers and limited to the subject of the Library and Information field. Out of 1482 authors who were involved in the publication of 1410 articles, 168 with at least 4 articles were analyzed using UCINET software. After that, a square matrix of dimensions 168 by 168 was formed, and finally, the co-authorship network was drawn based on the centrality indicators. Bib Excel software was used to draw the matrix, and NetDraw software was used to draw the co-authorship network.

Results

Results indicated that the average number of authors per article is 1.05. Analysis of data related to co-authorship analysis indicates the two-author approach as the most common approach in knowledge organization (35.17%), and the three-author approach (26.80%) is in the next rank. Dr. Rahmatollah Fattahi (56 articles), Dr. Morteza Kokabi (44 articles) and Dr. Yaghoub Norouzi (39 articles) have the highest number of articles in knowledge organization, respectively. Also, the co-authorship of Dr. Rahmatollah Fattahi and Dr. Mehri Parirokh (10 articles) won the top rank. In the study of centrality indicators, Dr. Rahmatollah Fattahi gained the top scores in the Degree Centrality, Closeness Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Eigen vector, respectively.

Discussion

Results indicated that the average number of authors per article is 1.05. Analysis of data related to co-authorship analysis indicates the two-author approach as the most common approach in knowledge organization (35.17%), and the three-author approach (26.80%) is in the next rank. Dr. Rahmatollah Fattahi (56 articles), Dr. Morteza Kokabi (44 articles), and Dr. Yaghoub Norouzi (39 articles) have the highest number of articles in knowledge organization, respectively. Also, the co-authorship of Dr. Rahmatollah Fattahi and Dr. Mehri Parirokh (10 articles) won the top rank. In the study of centrality indicators, Dr. Rahmatollah Fattahi gained the top scores in the Degree Centrality, Closeness Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Eigen vector, respectively.

Conclusion

According to the results of the present study, it seems that prominent researchers in the field of knowledge organization, despite being productive, have not been able to play a significant role in the formation of the co-authorship network in this field.

Abstract Scientometrics is one of the most important scales for evaluating scientific products that are used to describe scientific studies in terms of their growth, structure, and interactions. The present study was conducted using a scientometrics approach and using co-word analysis and social network analysis (SNA) to investigate relationships in the field of intangible assets. In this regard, research indexed in Scopus on the topic of "intangible assets" has been analyzed using software including vosviewer, Gephi, HistCite, Publish or Perish and NodeXL. Questions such as what subject areas are constituted and how these areas are related to each other have been addressed using methods such as word co-occurrence and social network analysis. The findings of the study show that the most frequently used topics and words are knowledge management and intellectual capital. Also, the most valuable subject areas were identified based on the maps drawn using the closeness and centrality indexes; value creation, value chain, social responsibility and trademark. With the advent of the knowledge-based economy era, a large portion of the organization's assets are of an intangible type, which confirms the recognition of and investment in these types of assets. Co-authorship analysis revealed that the co-authorship network is discrete and has low-density, with a total of 12,472 citations in all articles. By using the co-word map of intangible assets, researchers and especially policymakers can plan appropriately through the knowledge of the research and thematic status of intangible assets.

Abstract The main aim of current study was to investigation the scientific collaboration and co-authorship patterns of researchers in the field of library and information science in Web of Science Core Collection database during years 2006 and 2016. A total number of 2806 papers in the form of articles were extracted and went under analysis. The Science of Science and CiteSpace tool were used for mapping the co-authorship and co-organization network of papers.
Analysis of data showed that USA, China, and England were the most productive countries publishing papers in the field of library and Information Science. According to the scattering law of Bradford, the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association was the most productive journal among core-journals.
The study furthermore showed that some American authors (Venkatesh, Kauffman, and Bates) played strategic rolls in creating the major components of co-authorship network in the field of library and information science.
The study concluded that in spite of the importance of collaborating teams in research activities that positively lead to the high quality publications, the collaboration among authors in the field of library and information science fields was weak and negligible.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the scientific cooperation network of Iranian researchers in the field of social sciences at the Web-based site from the beginning to the end of 2014. Scientometrics and network analysis indicators were used. Statistical population consists of scientific production of Iranian researchers in the Web of Science since the appearance of the first publication (with an affiliation to an Iranian university/institute) to the end of 2014 (9318 articles). The data were extracted from the Web of Science and analysed by Bibexcel, HistCite, and VOS Viewer. The findings of the research indicate that the articles of cooperation in the field of social sciences have been on a par with the following years. Based on the findings of the research, Iran's position in Middle Eastern countries is ranked third among the countries of Zionist regime and Turkey in terms of scientific production. Iran collaborated most with USA, UK, and Canada.The result showed 46.08 percent inter-institutional collaboration, 24.55 per cent intra-institutional collaboration, and 22 percent international collaboration. Overall, results indicated the average collaboration coefficient was 64%, and the trend has been upward, which indicates an increased willingness by Iranians authors for cooperative papers. The most dominated model of authorship was two and three authored articles respectively. In general, the findings of this study indicate the willingness of researchers to produce science in a collaborative way.

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the levels of Iranian collaboration and to analyze scientific collaboration network in the area of basic medical sciences, in the Science Citation Index from 1996 to 2013. Scientometric methods and network analysis have been used for the study. The study sample consisted of 1040 articles published in the field of stem cells, molecular medicine and computational biology, subfields of basic medical sciences and science priorities in the comprehensive scientific map, extracted from the Science Citation Index. The results show that Inter-institutional collaboration in the field of basic medical sciences was 23.94%, Intra- institutional collaboration was 52.02%, and the level of international collaboration was 23.08%. The result of macro indicators of collaboration network analysis in this area of the study was as follows: density of networks: 0.018; network clustering coefficient: 0.831; geodesic distance: 3.334; network diameter 9 and network components: 24. The result of micro indicators of Social Network Analysis was as follows: degree centrality: 2.346%; betweenness centrality: 31.69%; closeness centrality: 3.522%; and Eigenvector Centrality: 85.18%. It can be concluded that scientific collaboration network in the basic medical sciences area was not coherent enough and adequate communication and collaboration have not happened.

Abstract Three institutes (i.e., Islamic Research Institute for Culture and Thought (IICT), Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies (IHCS) and the Research Institute for Humanities and Social Science (IHSS) of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)) were selected for the survey. A total of 116 researchers were identified affiliated to the above research institutes who published 575 items from 2007 to 2013. Using scientometric techniques, the trends and frequency of the collaborations within each institute, between three institutes and external ties were carefully studied and visualized using Pajek software. With 307 publications, IHCS showed the best performance. In total, 169 collaborations were detected by the institutions with only one international co-authorship and no collaboration with two other humanities research institutes. The co-authorship index was calculated 1.4. It can be concluded that the Iranian research institutes for humanities are not connected well in terms of scientific collaborations.

Abstract Purpose: This study is set to map co-authorship network and scientific collaborative coefficient of Iranian researchers in aerospace science in the Science Citation Index till 2014. Method: Scientometric methods were used to do the study and the following software applied for data analysis: HistCite, VOSviewer, Pajek, UCI net, and Excel. Out of 2501 articles in aerospace sciences were found in the Science Citation Index with affiliation to Iranian universities and institutions. Results: Results showed that 67.45 percent of the articles were written with collaboration at the national level, 32.55 percent at regional level and 4.42 percent of the articles were written with collaboration at the international level. Top Iranian universities and institutions were Sharif University of Technology, Shiraz University, Tehran University and the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, respectively. Conclusion: Maximum of research productions was produced with the United State of the America. Analysis of collaborative coefficient showed collaborations with countries such as the United Kingdom, Italy, German and France. Mean of collaborative coefficient was 0.43 during the research. Authors’ typology showed 88 percent of articles were written by two authors and 16.39 percent of the articles were written by three authors