Organizations can leverage knowledge by utilizing their information through value-added human elements such as vision, entrepreneurship, and experience. In this context, social capital is recognized as a key factor in the effective implementation and management of knowledge processes. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of relational and structural social capital on knowledge transfer and sharing through the knowledge management process. This research is applied in purpose and descriptive-correlational in methodology. The statistical population includes 175 employees of Samen Al-A'emmeh Hospital in Galogah, Iran, who were actively employed during the questionnaire distribution period. Using Morgan's table, a sample size of 120 was determined, and questionnaires were distributed and collected randomly. The data collection tool was a Likert-scale questionnaire with five response options. The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by expert review, and its reliability was verified through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) in the PLS software, and the model’s fit was evaluated. Findings revealed that relational and structural social capital have a significant positive impact on knowledge sharing and transfer. Additionally, the knowledge management process acts as a mediator in these relationships. These results underscore the importance of social capital in strengthening knowledge management and enhancing knowledge transfer and sharing. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that by fostering social capital—particularly in its structural and relational dimensions—organizations can improve their knowledge management processes, thereby boosting productivity and innovation.