Aziz Hedayati Khoshemehr; maryam samadi; Rahim Shahbazi; Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between information literacy and professional ethics, knowledge sharing and social capital of librarians of public libraries in East Azerbaijan province.Method: The present study is applied. The research method is descriptive-correlation ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between information literacy and professional ethics, knowledge sharing and social capital of librarians of public libraries in East Azerbaijan province.Method: The present study is applied. The research method is descriptive-correlation and specifically based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all the staff of public libraries of East Azerbaijan province with 370 people. 250 of them were selected by simple random sampling. Four standard questionnaires were used to collect information in this study.Findings: The findings showed that information literacy, professional ethics and knowledge sharing in librarians are high and social capital is moderate. There is also a positive and significant relationship between information literacy and professional ethics, knowledge sharing and social capital, and this means that information literacy has a direct effect on professional ethics, knowledge sharing and social capital.Conclusion: Strengthening the level of information literacy promotes the level of professional ethics, knowledge sharing and social capital of public library librarians. Therefore, public library managers should try to increase their information literacy in order to strengthen the professional ethics, knowledge sharing and social capital of librarians.
Information and Knowledge Management
saleh rahimi; Hasti Sedighi; Mahmoud Moradi
Abstract
he purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information literacy with organizational creativity and job performance of public librarians in Kermanshah province.This research has been done by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of this study consists of ...
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he purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information literacy with organizational creativity and job performance of public librarians in Kermanshah province.This research has been done by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of this study consists of all librarians of public libraries in Kermanshah province (170 persons). Based on Cochran formula, 118 individuals were selected as sample. The sampling method used was stratified random sampling. Three standard questionnaires were used to collect data: Qasemi Information Literacy (2007), Dorabaji et al (1998) and Paterson Job Performance (1970). The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and was 0.81, 0.93 and 0.97, respectively, indicating that the questionnaires have a good reliability. Descriptive indices, Pearson correlation coefficient and Sobel test were used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses.The results showed that librarians who are more creative and high performing, have more information literacy, and can achieve higher goals. Therefore, it can be said that increasing information literacy among librarians makes them more creative and enhances their job performance and consequently improves the performance of public libraries.Based on the results,it can be said that increasing information literacy among librarians makes them more creative and enhances their job performance and consequently improves the performance of public libraries. As a result, Kermanshah Public Library Managers can improve the information literacy of librarians, Enhance their organizational creativity and career performance and improve the performance of their public libraries under their management.
mahnaz namdari; mahmoud moradi; saleh rahimi
Abstract
IntroductionAt the present time, the advancement of technology in every field has accelerated to such an extent that its effects are evident everywhere, so people do not use previous methods to meet their needs. It is in this situation that institutions, organizations, bodies, etc., must change in order ...
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IntroductionAt the present time, the advancement of technology in every field has accelerated to such an extent that its effects are evident everywhere, so people do not use previous methods to meet their needs. It is in this situation that institutions, organizations, bodies, etc., must change in order to maintain their survival and be present in the competition scene, otherwise, they will face challenges. Libraries are among these organizations. If libraries want to move forward with changes and developments and continue their development and evolution, they must have a plan. One of the plans that are proposed in libraries, especially in university libraries, is "strategic planning", having a strategic plan that has a specific time frame, a set of processes or should include special components appropriate for each library, examine the external environment and give a better understanding of the current and future state of the library and create a competitive advantage (Bayat and Esfandiari Moghadam, 2014, p. 85). The strategic planning process in this research is considered based on Bryson's authentic model (2013), the components that Bryson considered for this process in the book Strategic Planning in Government, Public and Non-Profit Organizations include: 1) initial agreement, 2) determining organizational tasks, 3) analyzing stakeholders, 4) mission, 5) understanding the organizational environment, 6) determining strategic issues, 7) determining strategy, 8) describing plans and actions, 9) vision of the organization and 10) operational plan. David (2013) believes that information is updated from moment to moment, as a result, information collection, analysis, and sending and receiving this information affects strategic decisions. It should be noted that information is effective in strategic planning if it is obtained from scientific research and research results and has scientific support in general. The main question of the research is how to rely on evidence-based librarianship with the components of 1) asking/formulating a detailed question in one of the subject areas of librarianship, 2) obtaining/finding the most appropriate evidence, 3) evaluating 4) applying and 5) evaluating the results, to strategic planning with the components of 1) initial agreement, 2) determining organizational tasks, 3) stakeholder analysis, 4) mission, 5) understanding the organizational environment, 6) determining strategic issues, 7) determining the strategy, 8) describing plans and actions, 9) vision of the organization and 10) operational plan helped. According to the purpose, the current research aims to answer the following questions:To what extent is the state of strategic planning of university libraries in Kermanshah based on strategic planning components?To what extent is the awareness of evidence-based librarianship among managers and librarians of university libraries in Kermanshah based on the components of evidence-based librarianship?What is the relationship between strategic planning and evidence-based librarianship components from the point of view of university library managers and librarians? Literature ReviewAccording to the definitions of Elsan and Eddy (1982, p. 4), strategic planning is "a systematic effort, in order to make decisions and carry out fundamental activities that shape the nature and how and why of the organization's actions" in ideally, strategic planning requires gathering extensive and effective information, defining the organization's mission as well as strategic issues, and finally carefully examining various solutions to achieve organizational goals and the future results of current decisions (Bryson, 2010, p. 19). Alphabet of strategic planningA: Where are we?B: Where do we want to be?A: How to reach the destination Planning in the library is not a new phenomenon. The expansion of the use of strategic planning in libraries and the desired results were among the factors that led library managers to strategic planning. Strategic planning in a general perspective leads to the development of understanding and awareness of how the library participates in the development of society. The concept of evidence-based librarianship Evidence-based librarianship means the optimal use of existing research findings in compiling and revising the professional activities of librarians and information specialists. Evidence-based librarianship, with a history of ten years, is considered a relatively new approach in this field, based on which librarians first collect and interpret scientific findings and then create the necessary context for integrating new knowledge to provide their own professional activities. (Mansourian, 2019) Since the idea of evidence-based librarianship was first proposed, its proponents have tried to develop a conceptual framework, principles, and steps for it that would help information professionals understand it and enable them to combine it with their professional performance (Lerdal, 2002). Evidence-based librarianship provides a self-correcting framework in such a way that until new information becomes available, it suggests new directions or methods, Cromley and Kofogianakis (2006).
MethodologyThe present study was descriptive and conducted in a survey method. The statistical population of this study is librarians of Kermanshah University Libraries, which is a total of 63 people. Due to the limited number of people in the statistical population, therefore, sampling has been considered in the research. The data collection tools were two researcher-made questionnaires, strategic planning, and evidence-based librarianship.
ConclusionUniversity libraries perform poorly in terms of implementing strategic planning and using evidence-based librarianship, so it seems that they still follow the previous routine in managing library affairs and providing services.Evidence-based librarianship with an approach to seeking information and expanding knowledge and having a detailed and regulated framework in five stages of formulating questions, obtaining evidence, evaluating evidence, using evidence, and evaluating the effectiveness of the operational plan, has a high capacity in implementing the process. It has strategic planning. Evidence-based librarianship by understanding and recognizing the need and formulating the question in the first stage, extracting valid evidence and finally creating opportunities in the second stage, prioritizing refereed sources in the third stage, and providing a solution with scientific support in the fourth stage, and by examining the effects of the decisions taken in the fifth stage, respectively, leads to transparency and understanding of the problem, to smoothing the detailed information about the problem in question and creating a strategy, to evaluating the strategy and achieving an effective strategy, not sacrificing time and resources in wrong decisions, increasing awareness and knowledge regarding the effectiveness of a strategy, and will be effective in strategic planning. The process of strategic planning in order to identify issues, determine goals, adopt strategies, and predict results requires approaches to gather information, critical analysis, and organization of information, so evidence-based librarianship with accumulated knowledge can be the focus of strategic planning. In other words, evidence-based librarianship acts as a tool in providing detailed information related to the subject for strategic planning, and the effectiveness of this information is to be placed in the framework of the evidence-based librarianship approach. In this way, the information produced in evidence-based librarianship will play a decisive role in strategic planning.
Information Storage and Retrieval
Marziyeh Fallah Kordabadi; Seyed Ali Asghar Razavi; Safiyeh Tahmasebi Limooni
Abstract
IntroductionThe field of providing information and the method of publishing information has permanently been subject to modification and alteration, and as we know, with the introduction of computer technology in the field of librarianship and the change in the way of providing services, the imperative ...
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IntroductionThe field of providing information and the method of publishing information has permanently been subject to modification and alteration, and as we know, with the introduction of computer technology in the field of librarianship and the change in the way of providing services, the imperative task of information dissemination has been reserved for librarians (Kanjilan,2011).Due to the nature of their job, librarians must be interested to changes and change their services and the way they provide services at the same time and in agreement with the changes, so that they can respond to the information needs of the residents(Mohammadi Fard,2015).Nowadays, with the development of new information technologies and the challenges of information societies, the traditional role of public libraries has changed and functions such as teaching and creating computer skills have become more projecting. Thus, librarians of public libraries should initially, be prepared with these skills. A librarian who is not computer literate will never be a good guide for library users. The inability of individuals to access information and their limited knowledge in using computers can hinder their success in retrieving information. Hence, enhancing computer literacy is particularly essential for these individuals. Education can play a crucial role in improving their computer skills (Abtahi,2017). One form of instruction is electronic training, also referred to as e-learning or virtual learning. This type of learning involves online courses provided through a virtual education system, enabling electronic learning processes(Ghalian & Zalpour,2018). The objective of this study was to examine the impact of electronic information retrieval training on the information retrieval abilities of librarians.Literature ReviewKia, Moazzami, and Kia Lashaki (2021) in a study entitled: “Examining the influence of virtual skills training during the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of Chalous Scientific-Applied University graduates” concluded that virtual skill training has a positive and significant effect on the performance of graduates in the Corona era, and the regression equation was also presented to predict the effect of the predictor variable on the criterion variable. Mohaghegh, Raiesi Dehkordi, Alibeik, Ghashghaee and Janbozorgi (2017) showed that consistent with the employees' attitude towards participating in in-service virtual training courses, their satisfaction along the course and the productivity of the topics discussed in these courses, from the point of view of librarians, the effectiveness and quality of in-service virtual training courses are at the favorite level.Al-Fraihat, Masa'deh and Sinclair (2020) showed there are four structures influencing the use of e-learning, the quality of the educational system, the quality of the support system, the quality of the learner and the perceived usefulness, which together account for 1.34% of the variance. Finally, 64.7% of the variance of e-learning benefits is explained by supposed usefulness, alleged satisfaction, and use. Maurice (2017) showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between virtual training and employee empowerment, and employees who did not participate in in-service training are less empowered than those who participated in these courses.MethodologyThe current research was of the type of applied research and the method of conducting the research was of an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of this research included all the librarians of the public libraries of Mazandaran province in 1401 in the number of 285 people (taken from the statistics center of the general administration of the public library of Mazandaran province). After the homogenization of the statistical population geographically (Mazandaran province was divided into three parts, east, central and west) and from each part according to the inclusion criteria such as willingness to participate in training sessions at certain hours, being librarians of public libraries in Mazandaran province, having a bachelor's degree, having an age between 25 and 40 years, working experience of more than 5 years in a library, obtaining a score below 39 from the questionnaire and exit criteria including not working in public libraries in Mazandaran province, having a bachelor's degree and obtaining a score above 39 from Questionnaire, first, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and they were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The experimental group received information retrieval skills training in 9 sessions (each session lasting 2 hours) electronically and remotely. But the control group did not use any training. In order to measure the information retrieval skills of librarians, due to the lack of a standard scale, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89 in a test run.DiscussionThe findings displayed that the average skill of information retrieval in the experimental group (47.07) in the post-test is higher than the average in the control group (26.86). which indicates that, electronic information retrieval training has an effect on the skills of librarians in information retrieval. In the explanation of the research findings, it can be stated that electronic training allows people to obtain scientific information in less time and at a cheaper cost and it increases its generality and also causes rapid learning of skills in various dimensions. The internet is an easy way in the new age to get up-to-date and new articles and information for learning and empowerment. In other words, the availability of the Internet makes it possible to obtain new information in less time, and in the context of librarians' use of new methods and patterns in information retrieval, it surges their skill in information retrieval.ConclusionThe results of the research showed that electronic information retrieval training has a positive and significant effect on the skills of librarians in information retrieval, and electronic information retrieval training can be one of the effective options in increasing the capabilities and skills of librarians.
Soraya Ziaei; Mahnaz Mohseni Taromsari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between of organizational innovation and emotional intelligence on organizational commitment in librarians of Rasht public libraries. This research is descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of all librarians in the public ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between of organizational innovation and emotional intelligence on organizational commitment in librarians of Rasht public libraries. This research is descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of all librarians in the public libraries of Rasht city in 1398, among which 70 were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data in this study, the innovative organizational climate of Citgol and Koheim (1978), self-developed Emotional Intelligence (1996) and organizational Commitment Allen and Meyer (1991) were used. Data analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient moment showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between organizational innovation and organizational commitment (P < 0.01). Also there is a positive and significant correlation between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment (P < 0.01). Data analysis using regression analysis showed that organizational innovation was a positive and significant predictor of organizational commitment (p < 0.01) as well as the predictive emotional intelligence of the organizational commitment (p < 0.01). According to the findings obtained by designing and holding programs and workshops of librarians in the field of informing them to promote organizational innovation and emotional intelligence, it is essential to improve the organizational commitment of these individuals by promoting organizational innovation and emotional intelligence of librarians in libraries.
Saeed Malekmohammadi; Mohsen Haji Zeinolabedini; Faranak Vakili far
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of research; was to investigation status of the librarians’ usage of library software capabilities in Kermanshah academic libraries. Methodology: Research was applied in terms of its aim and analytical survey of the method. The survey population included the total 45 librarians ...
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Purpose: The purpose of research; was to investigation status of the librarians’ usage of library software capabilities in Kermanshah academic libraries. Methodology: Research was applied in terms of its aim and analytical survey of the method. The survey population included the total 45 librarians in Kermanshah Academic libraries that Census was conducted. Data were gathered by a self-made questionnaire. And for data analysis, were used independent t test, one way ANOVA and SPSS 22 software. Findings: The findings showed that librarians mostly use the library software's capabilities in circulation and output and processing were used the most; and searching in terms of average use of library software capabilities, was used the least. Originality: Librarians of Kermanshah University Libraries have a good ability in using circulation, management, Organization and input of information, output and processing of library software capabilities, but in the searching capability, their performance is not desirable. Therefore, it is necessary to provide librarians with the necessary training and awareness about the capabilities of this section, and library designers will review this section according to the needs of librarians.
Maryam Salami; Sara Bahrami nia; Zahra Azizkhani
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the ability to acquire knowledge of librarians in Kermanshah Academic libraries and their organizational growth and development.
Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-correlational and has been conducted through ...
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the ability to acquire knowledge of librarians in Kermanshah Academic libraries and their organizational growth and development.
Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-correlational and has been conducted through a survey method. The statistical population of all librarians of Kermanshah Academic libraries was 58 people. Since the research community was limited and available, census method was used to collect data, then 55 questionnaires were completed and analyzed. A standard organizational development questionnaire and a researcher-made Knowledge Acquisition Knowledge Questionnaire were used for collecting data in five options based on Likert spectrum.
Findings: The findings showed that the ability to acquire knowledge and its components (knowledge extraction, knowledge conversion and transfer of knowledge) among librarians of Academic libraries of Kermanshah is relatively favorable. The highest mean belonged to “knowledge extraction ability” (3.68) and the least frequency were related to the “ability to transfer knowledge” (3.25). Also, the average growth and organizational development and its components (rewards, relationships, structure, management, beneficial mechanisms, attitude toward change and goal) in Kermanshah Academic libraries were at the optimal level. In this section, the most frequency was related to “relationship” component and the lowest one was on “reward” item.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge transfer ability among librarians was lower than other components of knowledge acquisition. The need to train and provide conditions for improving this skill and the spirit of knowledge sharing among librarians seems to be necessary. Because the ability to transfer and share knowledge, which is one of the main attributes of the knowledge acquisition cycle, is inevitable and necessary for librarians as disseminators of information. Therefore, the more employees improve their skills and thus have better performance, the most they will play effective role in improving the status, progress and development of their organization.
Saeed Rezaiishsrif Abadi; Roya Baradar; Samaneh Abolghasem
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the media and information literacy of librarian in Tehran’s public libraries.
Methodology: The method of this study is a descriptive- analytical approach that describes the status of media and information literacy librarians. In the first stage, ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the media and information literacy of librarian in Tehran’s public libraries.
Methodology: The method of this study is a descriptive- analytical approach that describes the status of media and information literacy librarians. In the first stage, selected 150 librarians that work at the public library in Tehran. The data collection tool is a questionnaire that designed based on the components and indicators announced by UNESCO for media and information literacy. In next step calculated validity (formal logic) and reliability was calculated based on Cronbach’s Alpha. Finally analyzed data by One-sample T test in SPSS software.
Findings: Findings showed that the components of interaction and ethical use of media and information with mean of 22/7 and knowledge creation component with mean of 13/2, respectively had the highest and lowest mean among media and information components of librarians. The average components of the need for media and information content, the location and access to the content of the media and information resources, the evaluation of media content and information sources, the organization of information, the creation of knowledge and interaction, and the ethical use of media content and information sources are above the average and are in good condition.
Conclusion: findings show that librarians of the public libraries of Tehran have the skills and competence to promote media literacy and information among library members. Organizing in-service training courses, getting acquainted with media and information content providers, familiarizing with valid sources and media, evaluating resources and content, sharing and creating methods of knowledge and developing ethical guidelines to help raise the level of media literacy and information of librarians.
leyla Zadvali Khajeh; Fatemeh Zandian
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive thinking on increasing the communication skills of librarians in general libraries of Tabriz city. This research is an applied research method and is a survey method. The population of this study is librarians of general libraries located ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive thinking on increasing the communication skills of librarians in general libraries of Tabriz city. This research is an applied research method and is a survey method. The population of this study is librarians of general libraries located in Tabriz city. According to the relatively small number of statistical population, sampling was done by census method and a questionnaire (5 options based on Likert scale) was distributed among all librarians. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 91% which is an indicator of the reliability of the questionnaire. The distributed questionnaire consists of two parts of communication skills and positive thinking, SPSS software was used to analyze the data.The results of the research showed that the amount of positive thinking effects on non-verbal skills is higher than other skills, and the level of positive thinking among librarians is relatively good.The overall results of the research indicate that the level of positive thinking between female librarians and those under the age of 35 years and with the level of undergraduate education is higher than other groups.Also, the higher the level of positive thinking, the more intense non-verbal communication librarians It turns out.At the end of the research, there are suggestions for holding positive thinking courses and communication skills for librarians.
Mohammad Reza Abazari; Fahimeh Babalhavaeji
Abstract
Aim: This article deals with the study of characteristics pertinent to entrepreneurship on three components: motivation (psychology), qualification, and support. This research also introduces a conceptual model of entrepreneurship for academic librarians.
Method: Research is of the applied type and ...
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Aim: This article deals with the study of characteristics pertinent to entrepreneurship on three components: motivation (psychology), qualification, and support. This research also introduces a conceptual model of entrepreneurship for academic librarians.
Method: Research is of the applied type and the method used is analytical surveying. With analyzing the characteristics of entrepreneurs based on the psychology, management, and economy sources, twenty-five comments from experts, who are also faculty members of the university, in the mentioned sources and in the fields of library and information science were gathered. The data gathering tool was a self-declared researcher made questionnaire which was distributed among 109 librarians from 15 comprehensive libraries of Islamic Azad University.
Results: The motivation and qualification entrepreneurship characteristics in librarians were more than average and librarians' supporting attributes were significantly less than average. From 62 entrepreneurial characteristics, 12 motivational features, 15 qualification attributes, and 5 supporting attributes were obtained based on which the entrepreneurial model was designed. This model refers to three factors of the preparators, facilitators, and enablers.
Conclusion: Consideration of entrepreneurial characteristics in the field of library and information science, due to individual and collective tasks, demands an entrepreneurial model for offering services to those information users who are involved in national and international competitions. Aided by modern technologies, librarians should have innovative entrepreneurial approaches to satisfy the needs of clients. Librarians are the first catalysts to lead libraries to success or failure as they try to socially develop and pave the ground for entrepreneurial tasks in the libraries through proper planning and adoption of principal policies for recognition and consolidation of individual characteristics associated with entrepreneurship which will lead librarians to achieve their own aims as well as those of their organizations. If necessary, these basic characteristics can be taught to librarians to have them be capable and entrepreneurs. The conceptual model presented in this article has been inferred from the mentalities and scientific outcomes in the fields of psychology, entrepreneurship, economics, and management. In fact, an innovative approach to library and information science has been proposed and prescribed, which is itself a result of a wise approach with considering the specific fundamentals generated from other studies.
ali imanzadeh; Kobra Palangi
Abstract
The main objective of the present research was to study the relationship of knowledge shar-ing and organizational commitment in Tabriz universities Librarians. (N=143), all of whom were selected as the sample based on the census sampling method. The number of returned question-naires was equal to 136 ...
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The main objective of the present research was to study the relationship of knowledge shar-ing and organizational commitment in Tabriz universities Librarians. (N=143), all of whom were selected as the sample based on the census sampling method. The number of returned question-naires was equal to 136 (95%). The required data and information were collected using the 13-item Wang and Wang Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire, and the 24-item Meyer and Allen’s Model of Organizational Commitment.. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for knowledge sharing, and organizational commitment was obtained 0.81, and 0.72, respectively. For data analysis, descrip-tive and inferential statistical methods were used. Descriptive statistics was used for data classi-fication, summarization, and interpretation. In inferential statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test were used. The study findings showed that there is a direct and significant positive relationship be-tween knowledge sharing (and its dimensions) and organizational commitment. The results re-vealed that mean scores of knowledge sharing for principals participated in this study were high-er than the average.
Seyed Saeed Mousavifar; Safiyeh Tahmasebi Limooni; Azra Daei
Abstract
This research aimed to appraise librarians’ performance in public libraries in mazandaran using 360-degree feedback. To do the research, survey-analysis methodology was applied. The data was collected by pre-prepared questionnaires. The validity and reliability of questionnaires was at a high level, ...
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This research aimed to appraise librarians’ performance in public libraries in mazandaran using 360-degree feedback. To do the research, survey-analysis methodology was applied. The data was collected by pre-prepared questionnaires. The validity and reliability of questionnaires was at a high level, Cronbach's alpha in all questionnaires was higher than 0.75. Statistical population consisted of 95 librarians, 32 superiors, 95 colleagues and 95 users and census method was used. Each librarian was assessed by one supervisor, all colleagues, one user and a self-assessment questionnaire was filled by each librarian. This research used SPSS 22 and PLS and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and ANOVA test were used for data analysis. Librarians’ performance in total (4.35) and status of their performance in moral - value skills (4.44), functional skills (4.32) and process skills (4.33) were higher than average level. There was no significant difference between the results of four groups in the moral - value index (0.097) but there was a significant difference between the results of four groups in functional skills, process skills, and the total assessment of librarian’s level was lower than 0.05. Comparison of librarians’ performance scores in each library showed the significant level for 3 indexes and the total score of performance evaluation were lower than 0.05 that showed significant difference was observed in these indexes among the 32 libraries. Employees and staff assessment are the main factors in the growth of an organization. Evaluation
