Research Paper
Semantic Web and Ontology
Zeynab Sabbaghi Bidgoli; Atefeh Sharif; Fatemeh Zandian
Abstract
IntroductionThe emergence of the web facilitated the retrieval of information. This made libraries as one of the most important centers of information considering the web for the information retrieval process. However, the fast change of the web leads to the transformation of library functions. The semantic ...
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IntroductionThe emergence of the web facilitated the retrieval of information. This made libraries as one of the most important centers of information considering the web for the information retrieval process. However, the fast change of the web leads to the transformation of library functions. The semantic web is an opportunity for libraries to change their functions. Linked data as a method in the semantic web can make a major change in library functions. It can improve the discoverability, visibility, and interoperability of the resources. For example, all libraries use authority controls for organizing their information. But using authority controls in a traditional way can be challenging. Therefore, using the web can help libraries tackle these potential challenges and problems. Transforming authority data into linked data which seems an innovative and faster way for finding the resources can be a step forward for libraries and users. This paper aims to design a framework for transforming the National Library of Iran Subject Headings into linked data and publish them on the web.
Literature ReviewDesigning and proposing a framework for linking the data was the topic of some research papers. Linking the university data (Behkamal et al., 2011) linking and visualizing medicine information (Sekhavati, Farahi, & Jalali, 2011) web objects (Hosseini, 2020), table data (Mulwad et al., 2010), Industrial Data (Graube et al.,2012), and government data (Villazón-Terraza, Vilches-Blázquez, Corcho, & Gómez-Pérez, 2011; Mulwad, Finin, & Joshi, 2011) were the topics for some reviewed studies. The results of their studies indicated that in general, linked data could improve information retrieval. Implementing a linked data method in library data was discussed in some papers. Kar & Das (2020) designed a methodology for linking bibliographic information in a digital repository. Similarly, Ryan et al. (2015) examined the linking of place names in a dataset, transferring them into RDF and linking them with other similar datasets. Summers, et al (2008) provide a methodology for transferring subject headings into linked data. their results showed that transferring LCSH into SKOS affects information retrieval. The linking and publishing National Library of Iran data were also investigated by Eslami & Vaghefzadeh (2013). Fathian Dastgerdi et al (2020) tried to make a pattern for linking data in library systems. They examined the components which are needed for implementing the linked data method in library systems. Their result showed that using linked data in library systems affects the visibility of bibliographic metadata. Based on the reviewed studies, many international papers discussed publishing library linked data in theoretical and practical ways. Whereas studies done in Iran focusing on linked data mostly developed patterns and models for linking data (e.g., Fathian Dastgerrdi; 2020). Few Persian studies were done for publishing bibliographic data (e.g., Eslami & Vaghefzadeh, 2013; Sekhavati, 2011). Although there is a significant number of papers discussing linked data, the technical aspect for publishing and linking library data was rarely examined. To fill this gap, this study aims to develop a framework for publishing National Library of Iran subject headings which is unlike Fathian Dastgerdi et al., (2020) paper considers the technical tools and aspects and unlike Sekhavati’s (2011) paper examines the Persian subject headings.
MethodologyThis research is an applied study that utilizes a library method for designing a publishing framework. Linked data was implemented to ensure the possibility of publishing the research data. First, Persian subject headings which are represented in Iran MARC format were obtained in Marc XML files From the National Library of Iran. Then the method for transferring and publishing the data was applied.
Results The framework developed in this research collected National Library of Iran subject headings randomly. The selected data were first cleaned by Microsoft Excel and MarcEdit. In the next step, cleaned data were converted into RDF Using OpenRefine. The study’s project was imported to Open Refine software, linked with external datasets, and saved in a triple store. Finally, the linked subject headings were displayed through the Skosmos interface.DiscussionPublishing library data as linked data is an example of utilizing Web 3 in library systems. National libraries worldwide have tried linking their data including subject headings with other datasets. However, there remains a gap in publishing linked Persian subject headings and to the best of the authors' knowledge it seems that no paper has pointed to technical aspects of implementing Persian subject headings.
ConclusionThe current paper has transformed the Persian subject headings into a linked dataset in an RDF turtle format. Then, it visualized the linked data in the Skosmos interface. But there can be some limitations to this study. Using OpenRefine was reported successfully in this paper, but it seems that there may be a problem in data with larger sizes. In conclusion, since this framework improve the retrieval of authority data in this research, it can be used for publishing National library of Iran subject headings.
Research Paper
Evaluation of Information and Knowledge Retrieval Systems
Maryam Karami; ٖGolnessa Galyani-Moghaddam; Farhad Hadinejad
Abstract
IntroductionThis study evaluates and ranks the scientific journals of psychology using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming-based technique for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs ...
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IntroductionThis study evaluates and ranks the scientific journals of psychology using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming-based technique for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparison difficult. DEA was originally developed to measure the efficiency of a Decision Making Units (DMU) as a whole unit, without considering its internal structure. In other words, the system is treated as a black box, within which inputs are supplied to produce outputs, with there generally being a positive correlation between the two.Traditional DEA models are only able to evaluate DMUs with deterministic inputs and outputs, while in real-world problems, data are usually uncertain. So far, various approaches have been introduced to overcome the uncertainty of data. In this paper, two robust DEA models are presented to evaluate the performance of systems with continuous uncertain data under constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS) conditions. The main advantage of the proposed robust DEA models over the previous robust DEA models is that they are able to formulate uncertainty in both input and output data. Moreover, these models are also developed directly on basic traditional DEA models (not alternative models).Research Question(s)What is the status of effective indicators (citation and non-citation) in the ranking of valid scientific journals of psychology?What are the top scientific journals in different fields of psychology?What is the ranking status of psychology journals using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model?What is the ranking status of psychology scientific journals based on the Anderson-Peterson CRS and Anderson-Peterson VRS models?Literature ReviewDEA is used for ranking journals in different fields. A study by Rosenthal and Weiss (2017) ranks business journals, using data from the Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports® (JCR). They ranked 358 business journals from five different JCR categories according to such citation-based factors as the number of articles, the number of citations, impact factor, five-year impact factor, immediacy index, eigenfactor score, and article influence score. They compute the relative efficiencies of the journals and thereby create plausible journal rankings that largely, but not completely, corroborate three widely used business publication journal ranking lists. In addition, we show how the different characteristics of the JCR data impact the DEA ranking model. Finally, they identify journals that are not on the business publication lists but consistently perform very well relative to those benchmark journals, and should possibly be included in the business publication ranking lists. They also identify journals whose inclusion in widely used business publication rankings cannot be justified by their methodology.MethodologyIn this study of data envelopment analysis technique, Anderson-Peterson model, CRS and VRS output-oriented, 2018 JCR ratings scientific journals of psychology were evaluated and the top journals ranked. This study has a quantitative approach and is applied research. The research method is scientometrics and bibliometrics using Operational Research techniques. In order to evaluate and rank psychology scientific journals, seven citation indicators were extracted from the Analytics Clarivate database. These indicators are the total number of citations, journal impact factor, five-year impact factor, immediate index, citeable items, journal influence factor, and journal article influence factor.In this study, using data envelopment analysis technique, Anderson-Peterson model, CRS and VRS output-oriented, 2018 JCR ratings scientific journals of psychology were evaluated and the top journals ranked.ResultsFindings show that with the help of JCR indicators and using the Anderson-Peterson CRS and VRS model, more accurate rankings of journals can be achieved. The comparison of scientific journals is in the ranking of CRS and VRS models. The Journal of Psychological Science in the Public Interest tops in both models. The top 10 journals based on CRS respectively are: Psychological Science in the Public Interest, International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Annual Review of Psychology, Psychological Bulletin, Psychological Inquiry, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Social Issues and Policy Review, Personality and Social Psychology Review, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.The top 10 journals based on VRS respectively are: Psychological Science in the Public Interest, International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Annual Review of Psychology, Frontiers in Psychology, Psychological Bulletin, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Psychological Science, Frontiers in Human Neurosciences.DiscussionHere goes the text for your discussion.ConclusionScientific journals of psychology were evaluated and ranked using the Anderson-Peterson CRS and VRS models. Also, the evaluation indicators of scientific journals in the Clarivate Analytics database were reviewed and the top three journals in 11 areas of psychology and the top 30 journals in this field were identified and introduced. The top 30 journals and their differences in CRS and VRS models were compared and analyzed. In the part of descriptive findings, the frequency of journals in different fields of psychology was found, including 10.25% of psychology journals in general, 10.91% of applied psychology journals, 1.86% of biological psychology journals, 17.17% scientific journals in the clinical psychology field, 10.11% scientific journals in advanced psychology field, 7.85% scientific journals in educational psychology field, 11.71% scientific journals in experimental psychology field, 1.73% scientific journals in mathematics psychology field, 18.28% are scientific journals in the field of interdisciplinary psychology, 1.73% are scientific journals in the field of psychoanalytic psychology, and 8.38% are scientific journals in the field of social psychology. Finally, considering the needs of the country's scientific community, conducting research with other research communities (different scientific fields and disciplines), conducting research and ranking journals with other indicators and normalized indicators are recommended.
Research Paper
Zoya Abam; Mohaddeseh Afzali
Abstract
IntroductionResearch Data Services (RDS) are defined as services that support the research data lifecycle. Introduction: Although researchers are responsible for the stages of creating and collecting, processing, and analyzing their research data, the responsibility for the reuse of data, the stages ...
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IntroductionResearch Data Services (RDS) are defined as services that support the research data lifecycle. Introduction: Although researchers are responsible for the stages of creating and collecting, processing, and analyzing their research data, the responsibility for the reuse of data, the stages of tracking and obtaining research data files, evaluation and selection, secure storage, description, organization, protection, and long-term preservation in the data lifecycle is not with researchers. All of these stages are areas in the data lifecycle that should be carried out by "Research Data Services". The purpose of this study was to identify the status of research data services (RDS) in central libraries of public universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) and to determine the status and identify its importance and requirements. Literature ReviewThe need for infrastructure in the field of research, including the challenges of managing research data, is essential (Osareh, Sam & Ghaebi, 2022; Singh, Bharti and Madalli, 2022; Kim, 2021; Chiware & Becker, 2018; Nhendodzashe & Pasipamire, 2017; Tenopir et al., 2017). Many research findings have indicated that the provision of these services in universities is still in its early stages. (Singh, Bharti & Madalli, 2022; Chiware & Becker, 2018; Nhendodzashe & Pasipamire, 2017). However, these services are recently being offered in the university libraries of some developed countries. (Yu, 2017; Tenopir et al., 2017; Cox, et al., 2017; Kerby, 2016; Si et al., 2015). Some research findings have acknowledged that librarians and libraries are the best resources for providing research data services. Additionally, librarians believe that conducting these services through libraries is of great importance, considering it enhances the library’s collection and services (Kim, 2021; Faniel & Connaway, 2017; Tenopir et al., 2017; Si et al., 2015; Searle et al., 2015). Meanwhile, other research findings have shown the need to increase librarians’ professional knowledge in this area (Cox, et al., 2017; Chiware & Becker, 2018; Faniel & Connaway; Nhendodzashe & Pasipamire, 2017; Searle, 2015; Hiom, 2015). By surveying and summarizing the research on research data services, one may conclude that the field of research data services is a relatively new area with its specific issues and subjects. MethodologyThe present research is an applied one in terms of purpose which has been conducted in a descriptive survey method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire consists of 4 parts and contains a total of 49 items. The statistical population consists of 94 managers of central libraries of public universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology(MSRT). Finally, 72 (76.59%) managers answered the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsResearch findings indicated that library managers have a positive attitude towards the importance of research data services and more than 70% of them strongly agree that library data research services are of great importance. The findings also showed that all the requirements for research data services are very important. But based on average ratings, availability of appropriate technology infrastructure for research data services (8.85), development of enterprise repository software for research data management (8.85), existence of a research data plan for research data services (8.76), development of librarians' knowledge and skills in research data services (8.42) and librarians' desire to develop their knowledge and skills in research data services (8.33) were the most important requirements for providing research data services. In addition, currently, many libraries intend to perform research data services (between one to three years or more over the next three years), some of which have no plans to provide these services and few of them provide these services partially or completely. The findings also indicated that from the point of view of managers, the librarians' knowledge and skills of central libraries of public universities affiliated to MSRT (3.1 average) are generally above average for performing research data services. DiscussionThe provision of research data services by the library is important for various reasons. Among these, the benefits and advantages include adequate responsiveness to the research needs of the university by the library, allocation of scientific, executive, and functional credit for executing innovative research services to the library, increased collaboration between the library and faculty members, postgraduate students, and planning for allocating more budget to library services. Undertaking research data services leads to the integrated management of various research resources generated in the university, enhancement of library collections and services, and the benefit of researchers from library-based research data services. Considering the mentioned points and the current status of research data services in libraries, it can be stated that with appropriate planning for creating and developing the identified essential requirements, steps toward the advancement and improvement of the current situation can be taken. However, preparing the prerequisites for providing these services itself is somewhat of facing the challenges of its execution and overcoming obstacles in operationalizing such services. This matter requires comprehensive and all-encompassing support from the university for the library and timely and effective efforts by the library. ConclusionConsidering the importance of providing research data services by academic libraries, paying attention to the requirements of these services can be effective in the improvement of performing the research data services in academic libraries. There is also a fundamental need to develop librarians' knowledge and skills in research data services. The results of this research can be used in universities, especially the central libraries of universities, to plan research data services.
Research Paper
Knowledge Management
Hassan Khodravan; Ali Biranvand; Armin Rajabzadeh; Mehrnoosh Darabi
Abstract
IntroductionPersonal knowledge management (PKM) discusses self-efficacy and making people more valuable to the organization, thus creating more value for each employee. Public libraries are one of the service organizations in the society. The application of knowledge management strategies in a knowledge-based ...
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IntroductionPersonal knowledge management (PKM) discusses self-efficacy and making people more valuable to the organization, thus creating more value for each employee. Public libraries are one of the service organizations in the society. The application of knowledge management strategies in a knowledge-based institution such as a public library, which is engaged in the supply of knowledge, has a double importance. The use of knowledge management (KM) helps knowledge-based organizations such as libraries to turn the knowledge in organizations into a permanent resource. Investigating the PKM of public library employees can lead to more productivity of employees. Accordingly, the present study investigates the relationship between the PKM of public library librarians and the productivity of human resources in these libraries.Literature ReviewA review of the conducted research shows that one of the influencing factors on employee productivity is PKM. An operational definition of participation in PKM is that PKM is an individual's perception of knowledge that involves the degree of participation in the organization's knowledge management (OKM) activities (Tseng and Fan, 2011). PKM ensures that people acquire, create, and share knowledge, and by influencing the KM architecture, it improves decision-making, efficiency, and productivity. (Butt; Nawa; Hussain; Sousa; Wang; Sumbal, Muhammad Saleem & Shujahat, 2019; Shujahat; Razzaq; Wang; & Durst, 2019). There is a positive relationship between KM and employee productivity. In other words, productivity is a direct result of KM (Shoujahat et al., 2019). Hence, PKM participation, as an aspect or a micro-component of KM, should affect productivity (But et al., 2019). MethodologyThe type of research is descriptive-analytical based on the basic purpose and method of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of public libraries in Khuzestan province in 2020 (378 people) who were selected as a statistical sample of the research by simple random sampling method and with the help of Cochran's table. To collect data, Mahmoudi and Bagheri’s questionnaire (2013) in the field of personal knowledge management and Hershey and Goldsmith’s questionnaire (1980) in the field of human resource productivity have been used. In this study, a one-sample t-test to determine the significance of differences between variables, a Pearson correlation test to examine the presence or absence of a relationship between two variables, and a two-sample independent t-test and variance test in SPSS software 24 have been used.ResultsConsidering the effect of KM on organizational performance, librarians manage their learning and increase information literacy and continuous learning in order to maintain their position and the organization. The results of this research showed that the librarians of the public libraries of Khuzestan province in all aspects of PKM (self-learning evaluation, self-learning management, information literacy, Exploration skills, Network of knowledge assistants, knowledge awareness, perception skills, creative skills, collaborative skills, interest variation and personal knowledge management) are at an optimal level. The feeling of wanting to grow and progress in the workplace leads employees to self-learning, self-evaluation and adaptation to the work environment. In this regard, the results obtained regarding the variable of productivity of human resources of librarians show that the dimensions of ability, feedback, credibility, and adaptability, related to the variable of productivity of human resources are at a favorable level. Other dimensions such as understanding and recognition, organizational support, and motivation are not at a favorable level. Investigating the relationship between human resource productivity and PKM of public library librarians in Khuzestan province, the results show that the dimensions of ability, understanding and recognition, and adaptability have a positive and significant relationship with PKM. However, other dimensions such as organizational support, motivation, feedback, and credit are not related to PKM. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of PKM and human resource productivity, only in the dimensions of skill and exploration, knowledge awareness, and collaborative skill. In other dimensions, there is no relationship between these two variables.DiscussionBased on the results of this research, PKM plays a significant role in the productivity of human resources in public libraries. Considering the effect of KM on the productivity of the organizational force, librarians should try to manage their learning and increase information literacy and continuous learning in order to maintain their position and the organization. The present research was conducted for the first time among the employees of public libraries in Khuzestan province.
Research Paper
Faegheh Mohammadi; Rahim Pouri
Abstract
IntroductionOrganizations and social institutions should be innovative in order to avoid harmful changes in the environment. In educational institutions, such as universities, in which the head of the institution lacks funds, there are two columns related to the library, and the first is the head of ...
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IntroductionOrganizations and social institutions should be innovative in order to avoid harmful changes in the environment. In educational institutions, such as universities, in which the head of the institution lacks funds, there are two columns related to the library, and the first is the head of the head of the head of the head of the head of the head. Karol's budget reduction due to lack of turnover. Increase the cost of personnel, increase the service level, and expand the planning ability. In the culture of an academic library, many librarians are expected to be entrepreneurial and innovative, but how can an academic librarian be an entrepreneur? And how does an academic library create a completely new service? There are few methods of managing and evaluating the success of innovation, and academic librarians are not well-versed in these methods. Despite the benefits mentioned above that the use of creativity and innovation can bring to libraries, factors such as the lack of resources and budgets in libraries have caused them not to try to provide the right environment for the cultivation of this creativity. Accordingly, librarians should not have the desire to exchange knowledge and experience and develop their innovative and creative abilities. What seems obvious in the meantime is that the mere presence of equipment and facilities in the library, as well as the mere presentation of ideas by people in theory, cannot guarantee the success of libraries in using creative ideas in practice, unless they use technology creatively. With more than 50 librarians as intellectual assets, the libraries of Tabriz University are among the important research centers in the country, which can play an important role in increasing productivity by valuing the creative ideas of their librarians and putting their ideas into practice.Research Questions: The general goal of this research is to investigate the factors influencing creativity and innovation in university libraries from the point of view of the librarians of this university. Therefore, considering this goal, in this research, an attempt has been made to answer the basic questions such as the concept of creativity and innovation from the point of view of librarians, as well as encouraging and inhibiting factors in order to propose new ideas by librarians from their own point of view.Literature ReviewIn 2019, Llewellyn conducted a review of the literature on academic library innovations for learning and teaching. In this research, he identified issues related to the roles of university librarians in innovation. Some of these roles include digital learning/e-learning skills; information literacy; participation and learning. Llewellyn concluded in this research that the innovations that affect society are more than the innovations that are only for learning and education.Jantz (2013) has conducted a research related to innovation in university research libraries. Jantzen's analysis showed that average age, average work experience, level of education, field of study, and managers' view of librarians' creative ability cannot significantly predict innovation in university research libraries.Vaughan (2013) examined technological innovation in academic libraries. The research results were collected through a questionnaire. The questions in the questionnaire evaluate issues such as managers' understanding of what constitutes innovation, technological developments that can be recognized as innovation, important considerations when deciding to implement an innovation, and how managers support innovation in the libraries under their management. Vaughan provided significant evidence of the importance of innovation in the academic library community, however, the methodology used by him in this study has little precision. Methodology In this research, a qualitative method of phenomenological study has been used to investigate the issue more deeply. The required data have been collected using semi-structured interviews until reaching theoretical saturation. The statistical population included all the librarians working in the central library and the libraries affiliated to the University of Tabriz, and the sample of the research was obtained from among these people by a purposeful snowball method. At the end of each interview, each of the librarians introduced a few of their colleagues who were specialists in information science and were interested in making changes and innovations in libraries to the researchers. Finally, with 14 qualified librarians, the required data was reached and completed DiscussionBased on the findings, the key factors effective in creativity and innovation in university libraries from the perspective of Tabriz University librarians are divided into three categories including: individual factors, organizational factors, and idea characteristics. Individual factors include things such as having the spirit of innovation and creativity, having the motivation to present creative ideas, having job-related education by employees and managers, and having the spirit of risk-taking.Organizational factors include the support of librarians' ideas and budget allocation. The characteristics of the idea include factors such as cost-effectiveness, coordination with the goals of the library, visibility by other people and organizations, and the ability to implement the idea in the library environment. From the results of this research, it appears that library managers' acceptance of librarians' ideas motivates creative librarians, so it is suggested that library managers welcome the creative ideas of their employees and try to increase the dynamics of libraries and implement them. Also, since the implementation of the ideas requires the financial support of the parent organization, it is necessary for the library managers to allocate sufficient funds to the libraries in order to implement the ideas by consulting with the superior managers and justifying them to be able to receive sufficient funds for the library. So that they can increase the productivity of the library by implementing creative ideas.
Research Paper
Maryam Salimi; Mansour Torkiantabar
Abstract
IntroductionA teacher is a person who needs to have high self-confidence due to the necessity of his job and profession, because he must act in his work environment and in relation to students, as well as in social communication and interactions outside the work environment in such a way that others ...
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IntroductionA teacher is a person who needs to have high self-confidence due to the necessity of his job and profession, because he must act in his work environment and in relation to students, as well as in social communication and interactions outside the work environment in such a way that others can observe the indicators of a self-confident person well and be influenced by it. Nowadays, diversity in teaching and learning methods and patterns is required on the one hand, and advances in the field of information and communication technology on the other hand. So that teachers can strengthen their personal and social characteristics towards others and use them to advance their social and professional activities.Literature Review The results of studies and researches that have been carried out in Iran and also in foreign countries regarding the issue under study show that virtual space has an effect on the self-confidence of young people, in the sense that with the increase in the use of virtual space, the desire of users to communicate in the virtual space becomes more and in the real space becomes less. The findings of such studies have shown that with the increase in the use of virtual space among the respondents, the level of independence of the respondents increases. Accordingly, with the increase in the use of social networks among the respondents, the level of self-confidence of users who have social limitations increases. There is a relationship between media literacy integration. Also, teachers believe that the use of social networks can have destructive effects on their students, therefore they consider it necessary to teach media literacy skills to their students.MethodologyThis research has been done with the purpose of investigating the relationship between self-confidence and media literacy in students' use of social networks from the perspective of female elementary school teachers in Doroud City using a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of the research includes 398 female primary school teachers in Doroud City, and the sample size was determined to be 196 based on Cochran's formula. To collect the data required for the research, the questionnaire of Cooper Smith's self-confidence questionnaire (1967) with a reliability coefficient of (0.84) and a researcher-made questionnaire of media literacy with a reliability coefficient of (0.81) were used. After collecting the questionnaires, the collected data were classified and analyzed using SPSS24 statistical software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution, and the result of this test showed the normal distribution of the collected data, and for this reason, the Pearson test was used to check the research hypotheses.ResultsThis research has been done with the purpose of investigating the relationship between self-confidence and media literacy in students' use of social networks from the perspective of female elementary school teachers in Doroud City using a descriptive-correlational method. The results of the research showed that from the point of view of female teachers in Doroud City, there is a correlation between self-confidence and each of its dimensions (general self-confidence, occupational self-confidence, social self-confidence, and family self-confidence) with media literacy in use. Students have a positive and meaningful relationship with the social network.DiscussionCorrect and optimal use of the media also requires media literacy, which gives a person the ability to search, identify, and use correct and accurate information. This ability has become very important for teachers, especially in today's world, where educational systems have seen many changes and have been tremendously affected by new information and communication technologies, so that lack of media literacy has an adverse effect on the effective presentation and transfer of course materials and concepts to students.ConclusionAccording to the results of this research and similar researches, it must be said that self-belief and self-confidence are a basic necessity for doing anything. Self-confidence increases a person's courage and logical courage to do his work and helps him to try to do it with faith in his abilities and capabilities. In the teaching profession, teachers need self-belief and self-confidence in using such media in order to properly and optimally use such media, because media change with the passage of time, and for this reason, it is necessary for teachers to have knowledge. Update yourself in relation to knowing the media. Undoubtedly, no matter how much knowledge and awareness they have, in other words, high media literacy, this awareness and knowledge can increase their self-confidence in using all kinds of media and new information and communication technologies.
Review Paper
Semantic Networks
Abdolhamid Ghochani Gharavi; Mohsen Imani Naeini; Alireza Mahmmudnia; Hamidreza Rezazadeh Bahadoran
Abstract
IntroductionA close look at the state of education in Iran and the world shows that despite all efforts to raise the quality of education and upbringing of decent, cultured, and socialized people, human societies are still facing many problems in this field. The way out of these problems is to develop ...
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IntroductionA close look at the state of education in Iran and the world shows that despite all efforts to raise the quality of education and upbringing of decent, cultured, and socialized people, human societies are still facing many problems in this field. The way out of these problems is to develop an educational system suitable for human needs and talents. Anthropology is the general title and system of knowledge that includes any understanding of human beings from a philosophical, mystical, moral, and experimental point of view (Khosrupanah, 2014, p. 46). Without knowing human beings, it is not possible to know their talents and needs. with the correct knowledge of man and his various dimensions of existence, one can make the correct use of his talents. In other words, by knowing human beings, human talents can flourish. On the other hand, without knowing humans, the basic problem of education will not reach its final solution; That is, until the human being is unknown, it is not possible to present a correct educational system for the growth of the human being (Nasri, 2014, p. 29).Literature ReviewOver the past years, various researches have been conducted in order to analyze the ideas of martyr Motahari. For example, Hosseini (2009) in his work entitled "Religious-Educational Anthropology" has tried to show that the Islamic educational system pays attention to the elements and factors of the divine education of man and all the necessary propositions in the movement towards excellence. Karami (2007) in a research entitled "Human; Known Creature" investigated topics such as succession and guidance, legislative guidance and human perfection, moral guidance and inspiration, human inner desires and instincts, human knowledge and cognition, human psychological personality, and social life. Also, there have been researches in the field of moral education, such as Mousavi Faraz (2017), who in his research mainly focused on moral education based on the relationship between ethics and religion, the place of human dignity in moral education, and the place of truth and affection in moral education. Based on this, it can be seen that a complete semantic network of educational requirements according to the philosophy of Professor Motahari has not been presented. Based on this, in this research, we are trying to analyze the anthropology of Professor Shahid Morteza Motahari and explore the semantic network of educational requirements related to this anthropology.MethodologyThis research has a qualitative approach and has used descriptive-analytical and inferential research methods. The qualitative approach uses qualitative data to understand and explain phenomena and often seeks to understand the meanings, concepts, explanations, and characteristics of the subject under study (Delavar, 2019, p. 308). The first-hand documents used are the works of Professor Motahari and some articles and books of other researchers. To identify, extract, and categorize concepts, MaxQDA software and its coding tool were used. Qualitative content analysis is a method of subjectively interpreting the content of textual data through the processes of systematic classification, coding, and thematization. (Iman, 2011, p. 88). The qualitative content analysis method is a method to find the connection between different concepts and to recognize conceptual relationships.ResultsThis research shows that Shahid Motahari in his works, first by stating the existing distinctions between humans and other animals concludes that the superiority of humans over animals lies in special human tendencies that are embedded in human nature. Then, in the next stage, by distinguishing between the good and bad people of history and showing the reason for the privilege of the first group over the second group, he introduces human values as the criteria of humanity and finally argues that human values are the special human tendencies that are rooted in his human nature. These values, which are potentially present in human nature, are the special human talents that Shahid Motahari calls them human nature. In light of such knowledge, he believes that in education, it is necessary to know the human being, human talents, the details of the human mind, emotions and feelings, and even the supernatural root of human existence.DiscussionAccording to Shahid Motahari, a human is a creature with many privileges that distinguish him from other creatures, especially animals. What forms the foundation of human existence in nature (Fetrat), and Professor Motahari explains this issue completely by presenting the theory of nature. According to him, the main difference between humans and other living beings is the special human tendencies and the existence of freedom and choice. This point divides the duty of the teacher in the field of education into two very important parts. In the first part, the duty of the teacher is to provide the facilities, meet the needs of the student, and remove the existing obstacles and limitations for the flourishing of human talents. In the second part, the teacher has the duty of providing a system among human talents for the harmonious development of all of themConclusionIt is necessary to maintain a balance among all men's natural talents in human education. Paying attention to some talents and cultivating them, fighting with others, and not creating a balance between them, make a person a dangerous being. Accordingly, in order to answer the question of "how should a human being be educated", from the point of view of Professor Motahari, it can be said that every human being should be educated in such a way that he reaches his own goal; it means that his talents should be recognized and nurtured. That is, based on the knowledge of nature, we should cultivate all our talents in harmony with nature.
