Knowledge Retrieval and Semantic Systems

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the compliance of the research information system of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with the technical and information criteria of the web environment.
Research method: descriptive-applied and combined with quantitative and qualitative methods. In the systematic review section, the theme analysis method was used to extract the technical and information criteria of the web environment, and in this regard, the basic, organizing and comprehensive themes were extracted. In a quantitative part, descriptive statistics tests (frequency and percentage) have been used to check the compliance of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz research information system with the technical and information criteria of the web environment.
Findings: results of the research in the field of compliance of the research information system of Shahid Chamran University with technical criteria showed 46 basic themes and 7 organizing themes and in field of information criteria, a research system including 51 basic themes and 7 organizing themes. Also, according to the examination and compliance of the research information system of Shahid Chamran University with technical standards in web environment, it has been determined that the contents in system are not properly organized and the support for different parts of system is not provided, and besides that, system guide in There are no different sections.
Result: The research information system of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz is 47.05% compatible with the information criteria of the web environment and needs a serious revision in its technical and informational structure.

Abstract The current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the information-seeking behavior of Allameh Tabataba'i University faculty members based on Belkin Episode Model for use in selective dissemination of information services. In terms of its nature and purpose, it was of an applied type and was done with a survey-analytical method. The studied population consisted of 562 faculty members of Allameh Tabataba'i University, and the research sample consisted of 226 people who were selected by stratified random method. The tool used for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by three subject experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.90 by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that the information-seeking behavior of faculty members is at an "average level" and is far from the desired level. As a result, it seems that the design of the databases, the suggested keywords and key phrases of databases, and the capabilities and facilities of the database search system for users for the purpose of conceptual searches should be designed more user-oriented to solve the information needs and improve the information-seeking behavior of faculty members. to help In addition, the faculty members' use of subject thesauruses in order to use specialized terms in order to retrieve information sources that match their information needs can also be a way forward.

Abstract Considering the importance and necessity of cybernetics in various subjects, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of the role of cybernetics in the marketing and development of information resources in university libraries. This research is of the correlation type and based on the method of obtaining the required data in the category of descriptive-survey research and according to its purpose, it is an applied research. The statistical population studied in this research are all managers and librarians of university libraries and students of information science and epistemology in Tehran city, based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was determined to be 242 people. The sampling method is stratified random In order to measure the research variables, Birnbaum standard questionnaires (2013) were used. The validity of the questionnaire was determined using the opinions of experts and experts and their reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha of 91%. To test the hypotheses, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman correlation, Friedman, Shannon entropy technique, chi-square and binomial test were used. The results showed that cybernetics and its components have an impact on the marketing and development of information resources in academic libraries. Among the cybernetic components, the leadership component has the most impact and hard and loose operations have the least impact on the marketing and development of information resources in academic libraries.

Abstract Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this research is to examine the effects of organizational commitment and trust on knowledge sharing and knowledge application among employees of public library institutions in Iran.

Methodology: The present research method is descriptive and survey-based and serves its purpose. The statistical population of this study includes managers, administrative staff and district managers of the country's public libraries. The research sample consists of 218 individuals selected through cluster sampling. The data collection tools for this research are as follows: For knowledge sharing, the questionnaire of Chai et al. (2007); for engagement, the questionnaire from Ouakouak & Ouedraogo (2019); for trust, the Yatg and Peng (2009) questionnaire; and the questionnaire from Ouakouak & Ouedraogo (2019) for knowledge application. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess reliability using SPSS26 software. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical indicators such as frequency distribution and inferential statistics, as well as structural equation modeling with Smart PLS.

Results: The results showed that professional trust and affective commitment have a positive and significant influence on the knowledge sharing variable, whereas continuous commitment and personal trust have no influence on knowledge sharing. The knowledge exchange variable has a positive and significant influence on knowledge application.

Conclusion: The results showed that knowledge sharing acts as a mediating variable in the relationship between affective commitment and knowledge application; and between professional trust and knowledge application.

Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating investigating the effect of knowledge sharing and organizational intelligence on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior among school teachers in Galedar city. In terms of purpose and nature, the current research is applied, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive of the type of correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all the teachers of Galhdar city in the academic year of 2022-2023, numbering 702 people. The size of the sample was considered to be 248 people according to the statistical population and using proportional stratified random sampling method and Morgan's table. To collect data, the standard questionnaires of knowledge sharing by Wang et al. (2008), Albrecht's organizational intelligence (2002), organizational citizenship behavior (1998) and Margaret Hill's organizational entrepreneurship (2003) were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by face and content validity methods and the reliability coefficient was estimated by Cronbach's alpha method 0.83, 0.75, 0.88 and 0.72 respectively. The results showed that knowledge sharing (β=0.73), organizational intelligence (β=0.85) and organizational citizenship behavior (β=0.55) have a direct, positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship have. Also, knowledge sharing (β=0.47) and organizational intelligence (β=0.39) have a direct, positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Sharing organizational knowledge and intelligence through the mediation of organizational citizenship behavior has an indirect effect on organizational entrepreneurship.

Abstract The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, which has investigated the effect of organizational memory on organizational agility using a descriptive-survey method. In this research, the mediating role of counter-knowledge and knowledge application variables was investigated. In order to analyze the data, the partial least squares method was used in Smart PLS software. The statistical population of the research included employees working in the Alborz Science and Technology Park province (growth centers and technology units) in 2024. The total number of these people was 178. The sample size was calculated with the help of Cochran's formula, 122 people. In order to collect primary data, the questionnaire of Cagarra-Navarro and Martello-Landroguez (2020) was used. This combined questionnaire measured the variable of organizational memory from the questionnaire of Chu, Cheng, Cheng, and Tsai (2007), measured the variable of organizational agility from the questionnaire of Lu and Ramamurthy(2011), to measure the variable Counter-knowledge questionnaire used by Chapman and Farfolja (2001) and Gold, Malhotra, and Segars (2001) questionnaire was used to measure knowledge application variable.

Abstract Objective: Today, meta-models are used to organize and manage metadata, therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the research related to the design techniques of meta-models.

Methodology: This study was conducted based on a systematic review method. In this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework was employed to ensure a focused review and to present coherent findings. Relevant research was identified through databases and citation sources such as Web of Science, Scopus, Emerald, Taylor & Francis, and Science Direct, and by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 scholarly outputs were selected for the systematic review.

Findings: The findings of the review indicated that metamodel refers to metadata about metadata, providing a higher-level framework that describes the structure, relationships, and contextual purpose of metadata elements in various systems. It essentially aids in the standardization, organization, and interpretation of metadata from multiple sources, facilitating and expediting the integrity, interoperability, and usability of data. Metamodel elements within systems serve as key components for information management and organization. These elements include characteristics related to the quality of metadata, like accuracy, completeness, and currency of the metadata. Meta-models aim to enhance the capabilities of data management and retrieval in complex and heterogeneous systems, incorporating flexible and practical features into their structures.

Conclusion: Meta-metadata models,, play a crucial role in optimizing information management and retrieval processes, especially in complex and diverse environments. Implementing these approaches can lead to the development of effective and efficient systems across various fields.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to study of the effect of user satisfaction on the relationship between perceived information quality and conative use of information system (Case study: National Iranian Drilling Company).
Method: The research was applied in terms of type and analytical in terms of survey method. The statistical population included all organizational users of information systems in the National Iranian Drilling Company in the amount of 3700, of which 348 were randomly selected based on Cochran's formula. Data collection tools were questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was accepted by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine its reliability, the value of which was estimated to be higher than 0.7 for the initial questionnaire (30 people). In this research, to analyze data from descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of software SPSS and AMOS were used.
Results: Based on the results, users' perception of information quality has an effect of 0.87 on their satisfaction with the information system. Users' perception of information quality affects their innovative use of information system by 0.31. In addition, user satisfaction has a significant effect on the relationship between users' perception of information quality and their innovative use of the information system in the National Iranian Drilling Company (β = 0.283)
Conclusion: According to the results, conative use as a consequence of users' perception of the results of interaction with the system is debatable.

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize appropriate digital marketing tools for public libraries’ customer development.

Method: The present study was conducted in a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part of the research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 experts using a grounded method. The components were obtained from the analysis of these interviews, and a researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on both existing and desired situations. The research population in the quantitative section includes all marketers, information science specialists and librarians working in public libraries in Tehran. sampling was done randomly. Regression to the mean method was used to reach higher priority components,

Findings: The findings from the qualitative part locates 39 digital marketing tools that formed the items of the researcher-made questionnaire. In the quantitative part, the factor loading analysis of the components shows that all dimensions and tools of digital marketing in public libraries are effective and meaningful from the perspective of the community of experts. Using the Regression to the mean method, the tools that are both highly important from the perspective of experts and are currently among the most used by librarians were identified. Finaly The obtained tools were located in the content marketing tool matrix.

Conclusion: Libraries can focus on the tools suggested in this study to acquire new customers. Using a content marketing matrix reduces the complexity of working with these tools so that librarians can easily maintain their focus on the marketing.

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of implementing AI-based customer knowledge management on user attraction in the public libraries of Qom Province by evaluating the roles of work interactions, librarians’ work experience, and information work processes. Six hypotheses were formulated, investigating the direct influence of AI-based customer knowledge management on three dimensions: work interactions, work experience, and information processes. Additionally, the effects of these three variables on organizational efficiency—considered a proxy for user attraction and retention—were tested. This research is applied in purpose and descriptive-survey in data collection method. The statistical population includes all librarians working in public libraries of Qom Province, totaling 112 individuals. Simple random sampling was used, and the sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire adapted from the study by Chatterjee et al. (2021). Data were analyzed using Smart PLS software, and structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypotheses. The study’s findings indicated that AI-based customer knowledge management has a significant effect on work interactions, work experience, and information work processes. Among the mediating variables, only work interactions had a positive and significant impact on organizational efficiency. The results highlight the importance of implementing artificial intelligence in knowledge management systems to enhance work interactions and ultimately improve organizational performance in public libraries.

Abstract Organizations can leverage knowledge by utilizing their information through value-added human elements such as vision, entrepreneurship, and experience. In this context, social capital is recognized as a key factor in the effective implementation and management of knowledge processes. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of relational and structural social capital on knowledge transfer and sharing through the knowledge management process. This research is applied in purpose and descriptive-correlational in methodology. The statistical population includes 175 employees of Samen Al-A'emmeh Hospital in Galogah, Iran, who were actively employed during the questionnaire distribution period. Using Morgan's table, a sample size of 120 was determined, and questionnaires were distributed and collected randomly. The data collection tool was a Likert-scale questionnaire with five response options. The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by expert review, and its reliability was verified through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) in the PLS software, and the model’s fit was evaluated. Findings revealed that relational and structural social capital have a significant positive impact on knowledge sharing and transfer. Additionally, the knowledge management process acts as a mediator in these relationships. These results underscore the importance of social capital in strengthening knowledge management and enhancing knowledge transfer and sharing. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that by fostering social capital—particularly in its structural and relational dimensions—organizations can improve their knowledge management processes, thereby boosting productivity and innovation.

Abstract Abstract
purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the dimensions of the information security knowledge mechanism on The protection motivation, with psychological processes serving as a mediating factor, among employees of the National Iranian Drilling Company in Ahvaz. This research employed a descriptive-survey methodology. The statistical population consisted of all employees utilizing information systems within the company, totaling 3,200 individuals. A sample of 320 participants was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through a 32-item questionnaire developed by Mady et al. (2023). The proposed model was tested using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 26. Findings indicated that knowledge breadth significantly influenced threat appraisal. Furthermore, knowledge depth and knowledge finesse significantly affected coping appraisal. Both threat appraisal and coping appraisal had a significant impact on protection motivation.
Finally, the mediating roles of threat appraisal and coping appraisal in the relationship between knowledge breadth, depth, and finesse with protection motivation were confirmed. As a result, continuous information security training—centered on psychological processes such as threat appraisal and coping appraisal—should be implemented to align employees of the National Iranian Drilling Company with security goals. Managers and decision-makers are encouraged to enhance employees’ protection motivation by developing structured programs that strengthen their information security knowledge—namely, knowledge breadth, depth, and finesse.
keywords: Information security, Protection motivation, National Iranian Drilling Company, Depth of knowledge, Psychological processes, Subtlety of knowledge, Breadth of knowledge.

Abstract purpose: The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of governance and digital leadership on the design and architecture of libraries .Methodology: The current research method is based on the purpose of applied type. Based on the method of data collection, this research is of mixed type. In this research, qualitative data and then quantitative data were collected and analyzed first, and priority is given to the qualitative phase.
Findings: The findings showed that the variable importance of digital leadership on the design and architecture of libraries has an average of 4.250 and the importance of digital governance on the design and architecture of libraries with an average of 3.786 has an average above average. In terms of compliance with the variable of digital leadership on the design and architecture of libraries with an average of 3.436 and the variable of digital governance on the design and architecture of libraries with an average of 3.321, it was above average. The research showed that the average of digital leadership and governance components in the design of library spaces is higher than the average of the Likert spectrum. Also, the significance level is less than 0.05, which means that the difference between the obtained averages and the average level is significant.
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the components of digital leadership and digital governance were of high or very high importance from the point of view of experts in all subjects.

Abstract This study was conducted in light of the importance of knowledge workers’ participation in enhancing innovation and productivity in knowledge-based organizations, with the aim of analyzing the impact of knowledge workers’ participation on organizational performance in knowledge-based companies operating in the field of information technology. The research was carried out using a descriptive–survey method. The statistical population consisted of employees of 18 knowledge-based companies in Tehran, from which a sample of 210 individuals was selected through proportional stratified sampling. Data were collected using the standard questionnaires of “employee participation” and “organizational performance” based on the Balanced Scorecard model. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by experts, and their reliability was evaluated as satisfactory. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and the partial least squares approach. The findings indicated that the participation of knowledge workers had a positive and significant effect on innovation, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction in knowledge-based companies, and this effect was stronger in organizations with a decentralized structure. The results of the study suggest that developing participatory mechanisms and strengthening collective decision-making can lead to enhanced innovation, improved productivity, and increased customer satisfaction in knowledge-based IT companies.

Abstract This study identifies and analyzes barriers to knowledge value creation in Iran’s higher education system. Given its critical role in economic, social, and cultural development, the research examines individual, organizational, structural, economic, social, political, and technological barriers. The ultimate goal is to enhance knowledge value creation in universities. This research follows interpretivism and positivism paradigms using an exploratory mixed-methods approach. First, thematic analysis identified barriers, which were then ranked using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study's population includes students and faculty members in Iran’s higher education system, with a purposeful sample of 40 participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, and a hierarchical questionnaire facilitated pairwise comparisons of barriers. Infrastructural barriers (0.21) have the highest impact, followed by organizational (0.175), technological (0.145), individual (0.12), economic (0.095), political (0.085), social (0.08), and managerial (0.05) barriers. Key obstacles include weak university-industry collaboration, insufficient funding, lack of supportive policies, social inequalities, and gender and racial discrimination. Addressing these barriers is crucial for improving knowledge value creation in higher education. Enhancing university-industry collaboration, strengthening educational and research infrastructures, and aligning academic efforts with societal needs can significantly boost the higher education system’s role in Iran’s economic and social progress.

Abstract In today's competitive landscape, knowledge-based value management is vital for enhancing organizational sustainability. This strategic approach utilizes existing knowledge to improve performance and create sustainable value, fostering long-term competitive advantage. This study employs structural equation modeling to explore the impact of knowledge-based value management on organizational sustainability, with employee participation as a key mediating factor.

Conducted through a positivist approach, the research involved both library and field studies, focusing on branches of the Tourism Bank of Iran. A sample of 165 participants was selected using simple random sampling based on Morgan’s table. Data collection utilized three questionnaires: Knowledge-Based Value Management (20 items), Employee Engagement (18 items), and Organizational Sustainability (18 items). Content validity was confirmed by experts, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.

Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM), Pearson correlation tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis, with LISREL software for computations. Results showed that dimensions of knowledge-based value management—knowledge identification, auditing, value identification, and realization—accounted for 92% of the variance in organizational sustainability. A significant positive relationship was found between organizational sustainability and employee participation (r=0.938, p=0.000), as well as between knowledge-based value management and employee participation (r=0.935, p=0.000).

Path analysis indicated that these dimensions influence sustainability directly and through employee participation, which enhances mechanisms like collaboration and motivation. Thus, employee participation is crucial in mediating the relationship between knowledge-based value management and organizational sustainability, emphasizing the need for organizations to adopt this approach for sustainable growth.

Abstract Purpose: The advancement of information and communication technologies and the capabilities of modern software have fundamentally expanded the use of various communication media across dimensions of form, time, and space, and have transformed the concepts of literacy, reading, and study. Among the major impacts of these technologies is the change in the nature of information resources from production to application. This study aimed to identify the evaluation criteria of Iranian e-reader software.
Methods: This applied and descriptive research employed a documentary method and the Delphi technique. The statistical population consisted of 30 experts and faculty members. Ten of the most widely used Iranian e-reader applications—identified based on the number of downloads on Google Play—were examined. Data were collected through a two-stage questionnaire. In the first stage, 115 evaluation criteria were presented as items to the Delphi panel. Following expert feedback, 82 criteria were approved and then re-distributed among the panel members in the second round. Data analysis was conducted using principal component analysis and chi-square tests in SPSS version 26.
Findings: The results revealed significant shortcomings across all examined components of Iranian e-reader software. These deficiencies highlight the necessity of developing strategies to enhance features and functionalities, improve accessibility, and foster user engagement and distinctive competencies.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that Iranian e-reader software faces critical challenges in all evaluation criteria. Sustainable improvement requires reliance on standardized evaluation measures. Implementing strategies for capability development, accessibility enhancement, and creating distinctive and engaging features is essential to meet user needs.

Abstract The present study is aimed at designing and validating a questionnaire for measuring the extent to which faculty members at Allameh Tabataba’i University use prompt engineering in employing artificial intelligence tools. A mixed-methods approach was adopted. In the qualitative phase, relevant literature and studies on prompt engineering were systematically reviewed in major international and national databases using inductive qualitative content analysis. 17 key principles of prompt writing were identified, forming the conceptual framework of the questionnaire. In the quantitative phase, based on these principles, the questionnaire was developed in two sections: demographic information and 40 items including closed-ended and open-ended questions. The face and content validity of the instrument were confirmed by three experts in artificial intelligence and information science. For reliability assessment, the questionnaire was pilot-tested among 30 faculty members, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0/94, indicating excellent internal consistency. The findings revealed that the developed questionnaire possesses strong validity, high reliability, and comprehensive conceptual coverage. Therefore, it can serve as a reliable and practical instrument for assessing faculty members’ familiarity with and application of prompt engineering in the context of academic use of AI tools.

Abstract In the digital transformation era, technology–based services are considered significant intangible organizational assets that can enhance value creation and user experience in service institutions. This study aims to analyze the effect of service value and digital interaction as intangible capital on improving user experience in public libraries of Ilam Province, while explaining the mediating roles of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use within the Technology Processing Model. The research is applied in purpose and descriptive–survey in method, using a correlational design. The statistical population consisted of active users of public libraries in Ilam, and based on Cochran’s formula, 380 participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires, and construct, convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed. Cronbach’s alpha values above 0.70 indicated satisfactory reliability. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS25 and SmartPLS3.3.The findings demonstrated that service value and digital interaction have significant positive effects on user experience, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. Moreover, mediating effects were confirmed, indicating that valuable services and effective digital interactions enhance user experience both directly and indirectly through improved perceptions of usefulness and ease of use. These results suggest that investment in digital service development and optimization of technological interaction can generate intangible returns, increase user satisfaction, and strengthen the experiential value delivered by Ilam public libraries. Therefore, enhancing intangible digital assets can be a strategic approach for improving service quality and advancing digital performance in public library management.

Abstract Decision support systems (DSSs) have evolved from data- and model-based tools into ‎increasingly intelligent, knowledge-driven, and context-aware systems, yet the field still lacks an ‎integrated representation of its historical development, conceptual hierarchy, and relational ‎organization. This study mapped DSS knowledge from 1980 to 2025 by integrating systematic ‎review, descriptive bibliometric analysis, structured qualitative content analysis, and weighted ‎co-occurrence network analysis. After systematic screening and quality appraisal, 644 English-‎language publications were analyzed. Hierarchical coding revealed a multilevel conceptual ‎structure comprising major and subordinate themes, while network reconstruction identified a ‎broad set of interconnected active concepts. Decision-making processes and phases, DSS ‎components, and technical and operational applications formed the dominant conceptual axes. ‎The network was dense but structurally unequal, and null-model comparisons indicated that ‎high clustering was largely attributable to degree heterogeneity, whereas the Borgatti–Everett ‎core–periphery pattern remained stronger than its degree-preserving reference. Artificial ‎intelligence, machine learning, and explainability occupied comparatively peripheral positions, a ‎pattern more consistent with their relative novelty and specialized linkages than with limited ‎scientific importance. The study provides an integrated multilayer representation of DSS ‎knowledge connecting the knowledge core, application and deployment, foundations and ‎structure, and transformation and development, thereby offering a basis for identifying ‎conceptual gaps and directing future research.‎

Abstract Objective: Iran’s publishing information ecosystem, consisting of actors, institutions, information resources, processes, and technological infrastructures, plays a key role in the production, organization, dissemination, and consumption of knowledge. However, the lack of an integrated framework for explaining relationships among its components has limited understanding of its interactions. This study aimed to semantically model Iran’s publishing information ecosystem through a knowledge graph and identify key knowledge nodes influencing the flow of book production, organization, distribution, and consumption.
Methodology: This applied qualitative study employed the systematic grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 publishing experts and stakeholders, selected through purposive and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was conducted in MAXQDA using open, axial, and selective coding. To strengthen validity, ten years of statistical data on Iran’s publishing sector were also examined. Extracted concepts, knowledge nodes, and semantic relationships were organized into a knowledge graph and modeled using Microsoft Visio.
Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that Iran’s publishing information ecosystem has a dynamic, networked, and multilayered structure comprising ten semantic clusters. Knowledge graph analysis revealed that publishing governance and policymaking, publishing economics, reading culture, and digital infrastructures have the greatest centrality and influence. The knowledge graph also demonstrated strong potential for representing semantic structures, revealing hidden relationships, identifying key nodes, and supporting data-driven policymaking and the development of intelligent publishing infrastructures in Iran.

Abstract **Purpose:** This study aimed to develop an ontology model for book resources based on the SPAR Ontologies using a Linked Data approach to support semantic representation of bibliographic resources.

**Methodology:** This applied qualitative study employed comparative qualitative content analysis. The research population comprised book resources available in the National Library of Iran, including the Digital Library and RASA library system. A purposive maximum variation sample of 180 book resources was selected. Data were collected through systematic observation using a checklist developed based on the SPAR Ontologies.

**Findings:** The findings showed that the proposed BookOnt ontology successfully identified and organized metadata entities required for semantic representation of book resources. Integrating the SPAR Ontologies, RDA Registry, and Linked Data principles enabled structured representation of bibliographic entities, explicit modeling of relationships among works, and RDF-based knowledge representation. The resulting RDF graph demonstrated the ontology’s effectiveness in representing bibliographic metadata and semantic relationships in a machine-readable and interoperable form.

**Conclusion:** The proposed ontology provides a framework for semantic organization and representation of book resources and supports interoperability, semantic information retrieval, and development of Semantic Web–enabled library information systems.

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the status of generative AI policies in Iranian journals of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, comparatively analyze existing policy components, and propose a comprehensive policy framework.
Methodology: This applied study employed a descriptive-analytical design using directed qualitative content analysis. The research population consisted of all 27 accredited journals in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies indexed in the Iranian Ministry of Science's journal evaluation system up to the end of 2025. A census sampling approach was adopted. Data were collected through a systematic review of journal websites, including sections such as author guidelines, publication ethics statements, reviewer instructions, and publication policies. In addition, the responsible AI guidelines of the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF), as well as policies issued by international organizations and publishers, including COPE, UNESCO, Elsevier, Springer Nature, and Wiley, were examined as reference documents. Data were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis and a three-level coding scheme (explicit presence, implicit presence, and absence).
Findings: The findings revealed that only three journals (11.1%)—Library and Information Organization Studies, Scientometrics Research Journal, and Library and Information Science Research Journal—had published explicit policies regarding the use of generative AI, while the remaining 24 journals (88.9%) lacked any formal policy statements. Comparative analysis of 16 key policy components showed that Library and Information Organization Studies had the most comprehensive policy, with a particular focus on protecting sensitive data in Information Science.

Abstract Today, knowledge and intellectual wealth of organizations rank as one of the main advantages of competition and it is acknowledged that knowledge is, the heart of the global economy and this calls for the identification of the major factors guaranteeing success and the adoption of initiatives based on the about effective factors at different phases of the design and establishment of knowledge management system. The aim of this study was to identify the components of knowledge management and their implementation at the University of Kurdistan. The methodology applied is functional and descriptive survey. The statistical community consisted of the fellow members of staff at Kurdistan University in the academic years 1393-94. Techniques and questionnaire survey were used to collect data and analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics Sray and spss software and Lisrel were used. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between a more efficient implementation of knowledge management system and the components (information technology, the criterion of structural potentiality and institutional culture, management potentiality and the process of knowledge management).

Abstract Purpose: The study aimed to examine the relationship between demographic factors and The extent of knowledge management's implementation as viewed by the employees of Isfahan's oil refining company.. Methodology: A survey-descriptive method was applied in this research and the The community being surveyed includes all employees of Isfahan Oil Refining Company. To determine the sample size, it was used the formula of sampling Cohen was used. Sampling method is random stratified sampling and the tool for collecting the research data was researcher-made questionnaires with the Likert scale. In this research to determine questionnaires reliability, it was used cronbach's Alpha coefficient (0.94) Was used.The analysis was performed on the received questionnaires. It used descriptive statistics i.e. frequency and mean; and in inferential statistics Two sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficientWere used. Findings: The findings of the study indicated that the relationship between demographic factors and the extent of knowledge management's implementation as viewed by the employees of Isfahan's oil refining company, only in terms of gender there was a significant relationship. Conclusions: The results showed male and female employees have different perspectives about organizational and Infrastructure of technology, implementation of knowledge management in Isfahan Oil Refining Company and female employees in relation to organizational and technology infrastructure, implementation knowledge management are more optimistic and have a better attitude So in order to implement knowledge management on a large scale within an organization , liberal demographic attributes should be taken into consideration.

Abstract Introduction
One of the main challenges facing today's management is the development of organizational culture and leadership styles in which knowledge management is valued. Therefore, it is important to know the factors affecting knowledge management. Undoubtedly, knowledge management will have a great impact on the organization and employees. Knowledge management tries to introduce or strengthen knowledge as a high value in organizational culture, and knowledge management tries to introduce and strengthen knowledge in management styles, and the knowledge of managers and employees creates efficiency, effectiveness and productivity in On the other hand, the cultural dimensions of Hofstede's model have been used in various researches in the field of management and culture, and considering the role that cultural differences at the national and organizational level have on the capacity to absorb knowledge, the importance of Cultural factors affect the processes of knowledge absorption and transfer, and despite the research done, two theoretical deficiencies can be seen in this section, firstly, the role of organizational culture and leadership styles on knowledge management in Iran has not been thoroughly investigated, and secondly, in Most of the conducted researches, the organizational culture factor of Hofstede's model has not been investigated in detail, and thirdly, the subject of this research has not been done in cultural organizations, therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the effect of leadership style (Hersey and Blanchard's model) and organizational culture. Hofstede's model) is based on knowledge management. As the statistics show, 50% of the problems of implementing knowledge management are related to culture and human resources (Jalali et al., 2014) and in order to change and share knowledge among their members, organizations must have a capable leader to change the culture. (Heidari et al., 2013). Many researchers have examined knowledge management in organizations from different perspectives. For example, the influence of organizational culture (Park et al., 2010. Kumar, 2011. Voivora, 2013) and leadership style (Birouznoff, 2013, Bryant, 2003. Crawford, 2005) (knowledge management) has been investigated, but little research on organizational culture (Hofstede's model) and leadership style (Hersey and Blanchard model) has been conducted on knowledge management and in addition, most of the researches have been conducted in western countries and none of them have been conducted among the faculty members of universities, which doubles the necessity of conducting this research. Therefore, this research is conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between organizational culture (Hofstede's model) and leadership styles (Hersey and Blanchard's model) with knowledge management among the faculty members of Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan).

Literature Review
Torabi and Alden (2017) in a research called the effect of knowledge management on the productivity of the organization: a case study they conducted in Kausar Bank of Iran concluded that the willingness of employees to share knowledge and, accordingly, the sharing of implicit knowledge had a direct effect on productivity. Shujahat et al. (2016) in a research entitled the effect of knowledge management on innovation with the mediating role of knowledge workers' productivity reached the conclusion that knowledge management had a positive effect on innovation with the mediating role of knowledge workers' productivity. Mohammad Zaki et al. (2016) in a research entitled The relationship between the leadership style of managers and the level of organizational learning among the employees of the National Accounts Court and with a descriptive method of correlation, they concluded that there was a significant relationship between the leadership style of managers and the level of organizational learning among the employees of the National Accounts Court and also The results showed that the amount of organizational learning of employees increases the closer they get from the authoritarian-exploitative leadership style to the collaborative style. The study conducted in America concluded that the leadership style and knowledge management had an effect on the acceptance of technology. Qurbani Azar et al. They made a correlation and concluded that there was a significant relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management. And among the components of organizational culture, individual creativity was more related to knowledge management. Crawford (2010) in a research entitled the relationship between knowledge management and transformational leadership, which he conducted with a correlational descriptive method, concluded that in this research, there was a meaningful relationship between transformational leadership, functional leadership, and freedom leadership with knowledge management.

Methodology
The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, because it deals with the application of the proposed variables to help knowledge management. On the other hand, the mentioned research is descriptive in terms of the method of collecting information, because it examines the effects of organizational culture and leadership styles on deals with knowledge management and examines the relationships between the mentioned variables in the form of structural equation modeling. The statistical population in the present study includes all the employees working in the faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan) numbering 380 people. Including the sample size from Cochran's formula, 180 people have been estimated. In this research, a stratified sampling method proportional to the volume has been used.

Results
That the research hypothesis is confirmed at 95% confidence level. In the explanation of the hypothesis test, it should be said that according to the critical value of CR, which is more than 1.96 for the hypothesis, and the P value, which is less than the error level of 0.05, the research hypothesis is confirmed at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on leadership styles, and organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on knowledge management, and leadership styles have a positive and significant effect on knowledge management.
Discussion
This research, which was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between organizational culture (Hofstede's model) and leadership styles (Hersey and Blanchard's model) with knowledge management among the academic staff members of Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan), provides evidence of the role of organizational culture (model Hofstede's) and leadership styles (Hersey and Blanchard's model) were obtained by knowledge management among the academic staff members of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan). Hersi and Blanchard) it was confirmed that there is a relationship with knowledge management among the academic staff members of Isfahan branch of Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan).

Conclusion
Findings from the present study are aligned with Hoshangi et al.'s research (2014) that organizational culture and leadership styles had an effect on knowledge management, and also with Mashbaki et al.'s research (2015) that leadership styles had an effect on knowledge management. It is direct and also with the research of Crawford (2010) that there was a meaningful relationship between transformational leadership, functional leadership and freedom leadership with knowledge management, and Boersox (2012) that leadership style and knowledge management had an impact on technology acceptance, and Mohammad Zaki et al. (2016) stating that there is an indirect alignment between the leadership style of managers and the level of organizational learning among the employees of the National Audit Office, and to explain this finding, it can be said that by strengthening and strengthening the organizational culture On the one hand, employees accept knowledge management more easily, and on the other hand, knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge application and knowledge storage are done more effectively in organizations. And on the other hand, they expressed leadership styles as agents of change. Because the organization must have a capable leader to change the culture in order to be able to change and to be able to accept and share knowledge in the organization among the members.

Abstract Background and aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the information-seeking behaviourof Shiraz Islamic Azad University postgraduate students, and how to prioritize and use of various information sources. The research also investigate the role of demographic characteristics in students information-seeking process, as well as use of various information
sources.
Material and methods: The research method is surveying. The population of the study consisted of 298 postgraduate students that randomly selected through classified ratio sampling method. A researcher made questionnaire was developed and after measuring its validity and reliability, distributed among the sample in person. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software.
Findings: The results show that the students use from the electronic, printed and humanities resources respectively for fulfilling information needs and updating information. Students believe that information and communication technologies have reduced their visits to libraries. Students seek help from librarians primarily to locate books and other documents and to search for information at the first stage. Students encounter a range of problems and barriers in their information-seeking process that the most important are the Lack of resources, Expensive resources and the scattered information.
Conclusion: Despite of the effects of new technologies on students’ presence in academic libraries, all types of information resources are still consulted by them.Various purposes for of information acquisition determines the type of information source, and students identify and use the information resources according to their information needs.

Abstract Introduction

The current research is different from these previous works in terms of volume, time period, method and analysis. First, the analysis is based on a meta-combination method, which allows rich data to be combined with fewer subjective or interpretive biases. Unlike the previous studies, concepts and dimensions, antecedents, consequences and strategies are examined. At the same time, a larger volume of articles has been examined. The current research completes the previous researches and provides a more objective report of the evolution of this research topic. Most of the researches have investigated some aspects and factors affecting knowledge hiding in organizations in a scattered manner. But clearly, a complete integration of existing researches in this field has not been done. Also, an integrated model that brings cause and effect relationships in the form of a conceptual model has not been edited. Therefore, taking into account the existing vacuum of research, an attempt has been made to provide coherence to the scattered researches in this field and provide researchers and managers with a summary of the studies conducted in this field. Considering the importance of knowledge concealment in organizations, this research seeks to provide a conceptual model of knowledge concealment in organizations through the metacombination method. Therefore, with all the factors mentioned above, the current study intends to answer the following questions: 1. What are the key components of knowledge concealment in organizations? 2. What is the conceptual model of knowledge concealment in organizations?

Literature Review

Knowledge concealment is defined as "an individual's deliberate attempt to conceal knowledge requested by another". Hiding knowledge is not always deceptive (Bari et al., 2019), employees may avoid sharing knowledge due to confidentiality. Although the reasoning behind such a decision may seem logical, it still limits access to knowledge (Xiong et al., 2021, Yuan, Yang, Cheng, & Wei, 2021). However, most efforts to facilitate knowledge transfer end without success, because employees are unwilling to share their knowledge (Mahmoud & et al., 2021). Researches show that hiding knowledge weakens social relations, creativity and innovation of employees and thus reduces the performance and achievements of the organization (Cerne et al., 2017). Also, it suppresses the absorption capacity and creativity at the team level (Fong et al., 2018). It is obvious that hiding knowledge is likely to reduce the efficiency of knowledge exchange among members, prevent the generation of new ideas/thoughts, or even destroy trust (Connelly & Kelloway, 2012). Hiding knowledge increases the risk of knowledge loss and inhibits the creativity of individuals and teams in the organization (Cern et al., 2014; Bogilovich et al., 2017). The consequences of knowledge concealment are quite alarming. For example, knowledge concealment fosters negative attitudes and behaviors, creates interpersonal mistrust (Arain et al., 2020), damages relationships (Connelly and Zweig, 2015), knowledge concealment reciprocity (Cern et al., 2014), the desire to leave the job (Ofirgilt et al., 2018) and creating deviant behaviors in the workplace (Singh, 2019). Reduction of positive work attitudes and behaviors and reduction of job satisfaction (Ofirgilt et al., 2018), reduction of self-efficacy (Arain et al., 2019), reduction of organizational citizenship behavior (Arain et al., 2020), reduction of creativity and innovative work behavior (Bogilovi´ c et al., 2020), and reduced performance (Singh, 2019). In this regard, it is necessary to solve the problem of insufficient knowledge sharing by eliminating knowledge hiding and facilitating knowledge transformation in organizations.

Methodology

The current research was conducted with a qualitative approach and due to the existence of many new documents in the field of knowledge concealment in organizations and the possibility of their combined analysis, a meta-composite qualitative research method was used. Metasynthesis is the combination of interpretations of the main data of selected studies. Data analysis in the current research was done based on the metacombination method based on the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). The mentioned method includes the stages of setting research questions, systematic review of texts, searching and selecting suitable texts, extracting information from texts, analyzing and combining qualitative findings, quality control and expression of findings.

Results

The findings showed that 555 concepts, 155 subcategories and 25 main categories were extracted, which include causal conditions (organizational factors, individual factors, occupational factors, group factors and knowledge factors), background conditions (personality characteristics, work factors, technical and environmental factors), political factors and cultural factors), intervening conditions (emotional characteristics, emotional characteristics and social factors), strategies (leadership style, strengthening intelligence, strengthening interpersonal communication, strengthening organizational communication, strengthening performance, strengthening Islamic values, strengthening voluntary behaviors and implementation of knowledge management), consequences (occupational, group, organizational and individual).

Discussion

The present study showed that hiding knowledge is driven by different reasons at multiple levels. Regarding the multi-level nature of the antecedents of knowledge concealment and determining different ways to manage hidden knowledge in organizations, it enhances the understanding in the field of organizational behavior. Since the researches about knowledge concealment were strongly focused on the interdependencies of the perpetrator and the target due to mistrust and mutual behavior until now. Also, the present research showed that not only the antecedents of knowledge concealment are multifaceted, but also the consequences of this behavior. By integrating this insight into the organizational and management literature, the current research is related to the researches (Xiao and Cook (2019), de Garcia et al. (2022), Rezvan and Takahashi, 2021; Chern et al., 2014; Connelly and Clovey, 2003; Connelly and Zweig, 2015; Conley et al., 2013; Webster et al., 2008).

Conclusion

The present study integrates separate pieces of literature to explain why employees engage in knowledge concealment, thereby connecting disparate pieces of the knowledge concealment puzzle to develop a broader understanding of why employees engage in knowledge concealment. The present study provides a systematic review of knowledge hiding. This was done to identify conceptual patterns about knowledge hiding in organizations between 2012 and 2020 AD and 1391 to 1401 AD. This research is not without limitations. Databases such as Iran Doc, Iran Mag, Normagz, Comprehensive Portal of Human Sciences, Joishgar Alam Net, internal magazines, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Emerald were used as databases, and some other databases may not have been reviewed in this matter. As a result, this review may not cover the full spectrum of the scientific literature on knowledge hiding. In the future, to reduce publication bias, it would be interesting to include other databases to search for interesting texts, for example, work published in journals (ESCI). Second, research on knowledge concealment is emerging, and some researchers may argue that it is not yet mature enough to examine the research field.

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of knowledge management and organizational innovation in human resources productivity. Methods: A descriptive survey research has been applied. Is applied. The study population comprised 300 employees of the South Pars Gas Complex. To collect the data in this study, questionnaires were used. The content validity of questionnaires was reckoned based on the views of some experts (managers and professors) were calculated and used to calculate the reliability of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for the entire questionnaire was calculated 098/0. Finally, to evaluate and compare the data, descriptive and inferential descriptive and inferential Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation, regression analysis and Friedman test were used. Findings: there is a positive significant relationship between the aspects of knowledge management and organizational creativity with human resources productivity. The aspect of knowledge creation and innovation mechanisms interact most with human resources productivity. Moreover the aspects of knowledge, convictions and organizational atmosphere or ambience influence human resources productivity most. Finally, based on the ratings scale, the application of knowledge and qualification of human resources is of the utmost importance in human resources productivity. Conclusion: Organizations need to improve human resources in order to boost productivity and use manpower, mental abilities, Staff’s faculties for the production of goods and Rendering high quality services.

Abstract Knowledge management is considered as a system of activities relevant to producing, compilation, and transferring knowledge. Purpose -The main role of information technology in knowledge management is facilitating of knowledge Above all what this paper is driving at is an assessment of the rate of the influence , the information technology tools have on the implementation of knowledge management at Tejarat Bank . The method applied has been a survey. Methodology-The research community consists of the experts of the mentioned bank (75 persons). The tools of data gathering were analyzed by a questionnaire containing 34 questions prepared by the statistical software SPSS. We applied descriptive-deductive statistical method and mono-sample test T to analyze the data. Findings-It is worth mentioning that the results of the analysis indicate that there is a significant relation between Information Technology Tools in the development and acquiring of knowledge, knowledge storage and processing, Sharing and application of knowledge .Conclusion -The use of information technology tools such as official automation, internet, email…considerably contribute to the better implementation of knowledge management process

Abstract The present study was aimed at examining the effect of knowledge management on organizational innovation due to the mediating role of organizational learning with using structural equation modeling software SmartPLS2.0. Methodology: The population of research is managers, deputies and heads of Eghtesad Novin, Melli, Mellat ,Saderat and Meher Eghtesad banks in Hormozgan province in 1394 . The sample size used by Cochran formula and selected by random sampling. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics used and data gathered using a standardized questionnaire that its validity was confirmed with view point of professors and after completion of the initial sample, with Cronbach's alpha reliability of the tool's reliability showed. findings: all indices have acceptable load factor. Knowledge management has positive and significant effect on organizational learning (0.81) and on Organizational Innovation (0.39). organizational innovation has significant positive effect on organizational learning and impact of knowledge management on organizational innovation enhancement through organizational learning. Results: The results show that organizational learning can be seen as a mediator between knowledge management and organizational innovation contribute. Knowledge management, as well as a system, as an important input, organizational learning as a key process, therefore, as an organizational innovation output is critical for today's organizations. Banks can use the system to improve knowledge management and organizational learning in the organization innovation.