نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• جمیله ناطقی فر ¹
• ثریا ضیایی ²
• عصمت مومنی ³
• فائزه دلقندی ⁴

¹ دانشجوی دکتری علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

² دانشیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

⁴ استادیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های نظام‌های اطلاعاتی مبتنی بر بافت با تأکید بر ساختارهای شناختی، فرموله کردن دریافت و نمایش دانش بازیگران شناختی به‌طور تجربی در فرایند تعامل بازیابی اطلاعات است. پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناسایی متغیرهای ابعاد بافت بازیابی اطلاعات در فرایند تعامل با استفاده از چهارچوب نظام اطلاعات و بازیابی اینگورسن و یارولین است. پژوهش حاضر، از نوع بنیادی و توسعه‌ای و به روش پدیدارشناسی کلایزی (1978) در 7 مرحله انجام شده است. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته عمیق با 7 نفر از متخصصین حوزه بازیابی اطلاعات و دانش برای شناسایی متغیرها در فرایند تعامل بافت بازیابی اطلاعات بوده است. روایی ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات روایی محتوایی با استفاده از تجربه متخصصان بوده و پایایی بر اساس معیارهای لینکلن و گوبا (1988) بر مبنای قابلیت اعتبار، قابلیت اعتماد، تأیید پذیری است. توصیف و تحلیل اطلاعات با بهره‌گیری از نتایج مرور سیستماتیک و تجارب متخصصان در حوزه بازیابی اطلاعات، مقایسه شده است. تعداد 12 متغیر در بعد جامعیت؛ 4 متغیر در بعد مانعیت؛ 7 متغیر در بعد اثربخشی؛ 12 متغیر در بعد کیفیت اطلاعات/ فرایند به‌منظور تثبیت فرایند عبارت جستجو، بازیابی و دسترسی اطلاعات شناسایی شد که بازیگران شناختی به‌عنوان طراحان نظام بازیابی اطلاعات می‌توانند در نظر بگیرند. درنتیجه با جستجوی معانی و جوهره‌های کنشگران شناختی در طول زمان برحسب تجربه، برای رسیدن به فهم مشترک در شناسایی، کشف و ایجاد درک عمیق‌تر منجر به توصیف و تحلیل ساختارهای شناختی چهارچوب نظام اطلاعات و بازیابی اینگورسن و یارولین شده و درنهایت طراحی و دسترسی اطلاعات به‌صورت شبکه‌ای و نظام‌مند را فراهم می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بازیابی اطلاعات
• پدیدارشناسی
• تعامل اطلاعات
• چهارچوب نظام اطلاعات و بازیابی اینگورسن و یارولین

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of Variables The Process of Interaction in the Context of Information Retrieval Using the Framework of Information System and Retrieval of Ingwersen and Jarvelin by Phenomenological Method

نویسندگان [English]

• jamileh nateghifar ¹
• Soraya Ziaei ²
• Esmat Momeni ³
• faezhe delghandi ⁴

¹ Ph.D,, Student in Knowledge and Information Science , Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
One of the most important challenges of context-based information systems with emphasis on cognitive structures is the formulation of receiving and displaying knowledge of cognitive actors empirically in the process of information retrieval interaction. The aim of the present study was to identify the variables of the dimensions of information retrieval context in the interaction process using the framework of the information system and retrieval. of Ingwersen and Jarvelin.

Literature Rieview
Human-information interaction is a multidisciplinary problem-oriented research field that studies the interaction between humans and information (with its different forms and purposes). In other words, instead of examining the interaction between humans and technology, which is the field of human-computer interaction and human-machine interaction, or examining the interaction between humans and information agents (i.e., the field of librarianship), it examines the interaction between information and people (Jones & et al, 2006).

Method
The present study is of fundamental and developmental type and has been carried out by Colaizzi phenomenological method (1978) in 7 stages. Data collection tool was using In-depth semi-structured interview with 7 experts in the field of information retrieval to identify variables in the interaction process of information retrieval context. Validity is a tool for collecting and content validity data using the experience of experts and reliability is based on the criteria of Lincoln and Goba (1988) based on Credibility, reliability, verifiability. Description and analysis of information has been compared and validated using the results of systematic review and experiences of experts in the field of information retrieval.

Results
The identification of the following variables in the context dimensions of information retrieval in the interaction process has led to the stabilization of search, retrieval and access terms that cognitive actors can consider as information retrieval system designers. The variables of comprehensiveness include: identifying the level and nature of information; Knowledge of the problem; Level of knowledge; prior knowledge; mental models; Identifying temporal and linguistic factors to convey meaning and concept; sociological and psychological factors; action effects; Mental presuppositions, taking into account the skill of formulating search terms, can lead to an increase in the efficiency of the retrieval system for overlapping and matching information in the subject coverage of information and documents, the type of metadata standards, the way information is organized. The variables of the obstacle dimension include: the ability to communicate between the information needs and the retrieved document with an objective attitude (information retrieval systems with an emphasis on relevance) and a subjective attitude (use of the system with an emphasis on user characteristics, tasks and environment); attention to the possibilities of the system in the way of organizing information and knowledge; integrated access to information and knowledge; And eliminating human error in the search leads to discarding irrelevant evidence. The variables of the effectiveness dimension include: applicability and accessibility of information according to ethnic and linguistic characteristics, in other words, leveled accesses; meeting mental needs; filling the knowledge and cognitive gap; the extent of using knowledge and experience and transferring it; According to the functions of the information retrieval system, it can help in expanding knowledge and in identifying and correcting the errors of users in accessing information and knowledge, and it leads to the appropriateness of the results in achieving the goals and providing satisfaction with the information services in the system. The variables of the information quality dimension include: the qualitative aspects of the information in terms of influencing the mental structures related to the need; stability of information in its repeatability; the ability to compare and evaluate sources in the ability to cite and reason information; participation in the creation of new knowledge; Finding resources based on the user's knowledge level; It is related to the user experience and leads to an increase in the qualitative level of user recognition and having the desired structure of the information system. The variables of the quality dimension of the time management process include: extraction of resources based on relevance; Meeting the need for information based on information seeking (targeted search); Displaying the steps and process and components of the information system leads to the quality of search processes from the point of view of the user interface.

Discussion
As a result, by searching for the meanings and essences of cognitive actors over time according to experience, in order to reach a common understanding in identifying, discovering and creating a deeper understanding, it led to the description and analysis of the cognitive structures of the information and retrieval system framework of Ingwersen and Jarvelin and finally It provides design and access to information in a networked and systematic way.

Conclusion
The approach of cognitive actors in the design of information retrieval system and the role of database designers, user interface designers, information retrieval model designers and search engines are of particular importance in the context of information retrieval. This approach with mental presuppositions with an emphasis on identifying the level and nature of information needs to be recognized and the effects of action over time from the perspective of the user interface. Creating an objective and subjective relationship with interactive and static attitudes reduces human errors in intelligent search and expands knowledge and repairs the knowledge gap, especially by having the desired structure of the information system automatically and by comparing and evaluating resources. The qualitative aspects of the information and process of these steps will be visible and accessible.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Information Retrieval
• Phenomenology
• Information Interaction
• Information System and Retrieval Framework's Ingwersen and Jarvelin