نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مجید فرهیان ¹
• فرشاد پرهام‌نیا ²

¹ استادیار گروه آموزش زبان انگلیسی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

² استادیار گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

تفکر تأملی فرایند استفاده از ذهن برای جستجوی معنا و درک پدیده‌ها، تصمیم‌گیری و قضاوت در جهت حل مشکل است. رفتار اطلاع‌یابی نیز مجموعه فعالیت‌هایی است که یک فرد برای رفع نیاز اطلاعاتی خود انجام می‌دهد. یکی از مهم‌ترین روش‌ها برای بهینه‌سازی رفتار اطلاع‌یابی استفاده از تفکر سطوح بالا بالأخص تفکر تأملی است. این پژوهش با هدف پیش‌بینی رفتار اطلاع‌یابی بر اساس تفکر تأملی دانشجویان حوزه علوم پزشکی در درس زبان انگلیسی تخصصی بود. روش پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف کاربردی از نوع پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 377 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و دانشکده علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاه بودند. جهت گردآوری داده‌ها از دو پرسش‌نامه شامل تفکر تأملی و پرسش‌نامه محقق‌ساخته رفتار اطلاع‌یابی استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده آزمون نشانه و رگرسیون چندگانه به کمک نرم‌افزار اس‌پی‌اس‌اس نسخه 23 انجام شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که میانگین کلی تفکر تأملی و رفتار اطلاع‌یابی پایین‌تر از میانگین نظری (3) بود. این وضعیت حاکی از آن داشت که دانشجویان در وضعیت نامناسبی از تفکر تأملی و رفتار اطلاع‌یابی قرار داشتند. در ضمن نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که بین دو متغیر تفکر تأملی و رفتار اطلاع‌یابی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد و متغیرهای پیش‌بین تفکر تأملی توانستند واریانس رفتار اطلاع‌یابی را به‌صورت معناداری پیش‌بینی کند. توجه به سطوح عالی تفکر در دانشجویان حوزه پزشکی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. این اهمیت در درس زبان تخصصی با توجه به ‌ضرورت فراگیری زبان‌های خارجی دوچندان است. با توجه به یافته‌ها رفتار اطلاع‌یابی در درس زبان تخصصی در این دانشجویان در صورتی سودبخش می‌بود که از تفکر تأملی بهره می‌گرفتند. با این رویکرد، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد که برنامه‌ریزان درسی و آموزشی به ارتقای تفکر نقادانه و نقش آن در رفتار اطلاع‌یابی دانشجویان در درس زبان تخصصی توجه ویژه‌ای داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تفکر تأملی
• رفتار اطلاع‌یابی
• زبان تخصصی
• دانشجویان علوم پزشکی
• کرمانشاه

موضوعات

• نظام‌های هوشمند بازیابی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reflective Thinking as a Predictor of Medical ESP Students’ Information-Seeking Behavior

نویسندگان [English]

• Majid Farahian ¹
• Farshad Parhamnia ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of ELT, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

چکیده [English]

1. Introduction
It seems that the type of information-seeking behavior of students can be effective in their learning of foreign languages because, according to the researchers' experience, many students believe that the only way to succeed in the English language course is to use the guidebook as the only source of information. Others go further and look for the meaning of words with the help of printed or electronic dictionaries. This is while they leave other useful information sources unused. Several educational factors, such as the lack of information-seeking behavior training by professors and psychological-individual factors such as the type of people's thinking levels and reflective thinking can affect this behavior. Considering that so far no study has been conducted on the simultaneous examination of reflective thinking and information-seeking behavior in the fields of medical sciences in the country, and taking into consideration the relationship between information-seeking behavior and reflective thinking, it is possible that high levels of reflective thinking, which is also problem-oriented, can improve the information-seeking behavior of students of the field of medical sciences. With such an approach, the purpose of this research was to predict information-seeking behavior based on the reflective thinking of medical science students in ESP courses.

Research Question (s)

Considering the theoretical background, three questions are formulated:

What level of information-seeking behavior do medical science students have in ESP courses?
What level of reflective thinking do medical science students have?
Is reflective thinking of medical science students a predictor of their information-seeking behavior in ESP courses?


2. Literature Review

As the researchers investigated, no study was found that directly deals with the relationship between reflective thinking and information-seeking behavior in ESP courses in the field of medical sciences. However, in recent decades, studies have been conducted on reflective thinking and information-seeking behavior inside and outside the country, which are aligned with some of the components of the current research. The results of Hariri and Bagherinejad (2012) showed that there was no significant relationship between critical thinking and voluntary Internet search in the research community. Also, the study by Kerman Saravi, Navabi Rigi and Ebrahimy Tabas (2012) revealed that the average critical thinking ability of first-year, fourth-year nursing students and clinical nurses indicated that critical thinking ability was weak in all three studied groups. Rezaei et al. (2014) showed that the average scores of critical thinking of all students were weak. The research of Ghaebi and Amiri Pari (2015) showed that there is no significant relationship between critical thinking skills and students' information-seeking behavior on the web, and the level of critical thinking of students in colleges is the same, but their information-seeking behavior is different. Kavaroie, Momeni and Haji Zynolabedini (2016) showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between metacognitive strategies and the information-seeking behavior of faculty members. Tahmasebi Limoni and Ghiasi (2013) reported that there is a difference between the critical thinking of faculty members and the search for behavior; there was no significant relationship between their information. The study by Haghparast et al. (2016) again concluded that most graduate students had a score below and equal to the average level, and there was a relationship between some sub-components of critical thinking and information-seeking behavior.

3.Methodology

The present research method was a survey type in terms of the practical purpose. The statistical population of the research consists of 377 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah, who have completed or were in the process of completing the ESP course. The data collection tool was done by using two questionnaires, including reflective thinking (Kember et al.,2000). The questionnaire has 16 items and 4 components, which include normal action, including four items, comprehension component with four items, reflection component with four items and critical thinking component with four items. This scale can assess reflective thinking in an ESP course. The second information-seeking behavior questionnaire was developed by the researchers. The researcher-made information-seeking behavior questionnaire with 16 items was general, which examines how people behave when searching for information in ESP courses. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaires. The results of this test for the reflective thinking questionnaire were 0.864, and the information-seeking behavior questionnaire was 0.623. Data analysis was done using the sign test, and multiple regression using SPSS 23 software.

4. Results

The first question of the research inquired the level of information-seeking behavior of the ESP students. The results of the sign test showed that the average information-seeking behavior in general was 2.64. Comparing the score of information-seeking behavior with the average index (3) shows its significance. The z-score of the information-seeking behavior variable is equal to -144.18, which, according to its significance level (sig.= 0.000), indicates that the difference between the averages is statistically significant. Therefore, the first hypothesis of the study was accepted.
The second research question explored the level of reflective thinking of the ESP students. The results of the sign test showed that the average level of reflective thinking in general was 2.84. Comparing the reflective thinking level score with the average index (3) shows its significance. The z-score of the information-seeking behavior variable is equal to -5.585, which, according to its significance level (sig.= 0.000), indicates that the difference between the averages is statistically significant. Therefore, the second hypothesis was accepted.
The third research question investigated whether the reflective thinking of medical science students predicts their information-seeking behavior in ESP courses. The results of the multiple regression test showed that the obtained R-value is equal to 0.561. The R2 coefficient shows that this variable was able to explain approximately 31% of the variance of information-seeking behavior. The standardized beta coefficient indicates that the habit variable (β=-0.246), understanding variable (β=0.283), reflection variable (β=0.262), and critical reflection variable (β=0.136) explain the changes related to information seeking behavior by 0.24, 0.28, 0.26, and 0.13 percentage respectively. In addition, the results of the correlation coefficients showed that the habit variable as a predictor variable explains 7.07%, understanding 1.41%, reflection 1.18%, and critical reflection 2.25% of the variance of information5.
 

5. Conclusion

The results of the present study indicated that ESP students have a low level of reflective thinking and also the findings showed that reflective thinking is able to predict students' information seeking skill in ESP courses. It is very important to pay attention to high levels of thinking in medical students. This importance in the ESP course is double due to the necessity of learning foreign languages for these students. Furthermore, the information-seeking behavior of ESP students will be beneficial if they use reflective thinking more. Accordingly, it seems essential that policymakers and curriculum planners pay special attention to the further promotion of critical thinking and its role in ESP students' information-seeking behavior in ESP courses

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• : eflective thinking
• information-seeking behavior
• specialized language
• medical students
• Kermanshah