نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سید مهدی طاهری ¹
• الهام هوشمند ²
• عصمت مؤمنی ³
• نگین شکرزاده هشترودی ⁴
• مهدی علیپور حافظی ¹

¹ دانشیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

² کارشناس ارشد علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

⁴ دانشجوی دکتری علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه الزهراء (س)، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از انجام این پژوهش طراحی مدل هستی‌شناسی کسب‌وکار شرکت سنگ آهن بر مبنای مدل‌های داده‌ای وب معنایی بود. پژوهش حاضر ازلحاظ ماهیت، توسعه‌ای-کاربردی بوده و با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی و طراحی انجام شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش، تمامی موجودیت‌های شرکت سنگ آهن احیاء سپاهان یعنی منابع داده‌ای، نیروی انسانی، پست‌های سازمانی، فرایندهای موردنظر و بخش‌های گوناگون سازمان مذکور و نیز کلاس‌ها و صفات هستی‌شناسی سازمانی بود. در این پژوهش از روش اسنادی و مشاهده ساختارمند و از ابزار سیاهه وارسی برای گردآوری داده‌ها استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد، موجودیت‌های شرکت سنگ آهن احیاء سپاهان در دو گروه موجودیت‌های درون‌سازمانی و برون‌سازمانی قرار می‌گیرند. از سوی دیگر، یافته‌ها نشان داد بیشتر صفات مدنظر برای موجودیت‌های شرکت، صفات مناسبی در فرانمای تولید داده‌های ساختارمند (اسکیمادات‌اُرگ) دارند. بررسی هستی‌شناسی سازمانی نشان داد این هستی‌شناسی دارای 9 موجودیت بوده و همه این موجودیت‌ها برای طراحی هستی‌شناسی شرکت سنگ آهن احیاء سپاهان مورداستفاده قرار گرفتند. سپس، برای طراحی هستی‌شناسی سازمانی شرکت با استفاده از مدل داده‌ای وب معنایی، میان موجودیت‌ها و صفات آن‌ها در هستی‌شناسی سازمانی با موجودیت‌ها و صفات آن‌ها در اسکیمادات‌اُرگ انطباق حاصل شد و درنتیجه هستی‌شناسی مناسب برای شرکت در نرم‌افزار کشف و بازنمود دانش (KDR) پیاده‌سازی شد. درمجموع می‌توان بیان داشت، توصیف مناسب موجودیت‌های درون و برون‌سازمانی با بهره‌گیری از هستی‌شناسی‌های سازمانی موجب کشف دانش از داده‌های تولیدشده در سازمان، ثبت یکدست و منسجم ارزش‌های مرتبط با انواع داده‌ها و نیز جلوگیری از افزونگی داده‌های ناشی از ثبت داده‌ها در سامانه‌های گوناگون خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• هستی‌شناسی سازمانی
• مدل داده‌ای
• وب معنایی
• موجودیت‌های سازمانی
• شرکت سنگ آهن احیاء سپاهان
• فرانمای تولید داده‌های ساختارمند

موضوعات

• وب معنایی و هستان‌نگاری (آنتولوژی)

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing the Business Ontology of Ehya Iron Company based on Semantic Web Data Models

نویسندگان [English]

• Seyyed Mahdi Taheri ¹
• Elham Hooshmand ²
• Esmat Momeni ³
• Negin Shokrzadeh Hashtroudi ⁴
• Mehdi Alipour Hafezi ¹

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

² Master of Information Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

⁴ Ph.D. Student in Information Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Organizational ontologies are a type of ontology that focuses on identifying and documenting organizational entities. These tools provide a common conceptualization of organizational entities and are utilized for representing organizational knowledge, describing organizational structures, identifying entities, and revealing the features and relationships of entities. They also, support the dissemination of organizational data, generated reports, organizational history, human resources, and the roles of each of these through a linked data approach. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design the business ontology of Ehya Sepahan Company based on semantic web data models.
Research Question(s)
In the present research, the following questions have been addressed:
- What are the internal and external entities of the Ehya Sepahan Company and their attributes?
- To what extent do the entities and attributes of the Ehya Sepahan Company align with the Schema.org data model?
- How is the organizational ontology of the Ehya Sepahan Company structured based on the organizational ontology of the World Wide Web Consortium?

Literature Review

Research related to ontology design can be divided into two main categories:
2.1. Studies that examine the application of ontologies
The first category includes studies that examine the application of ontologies or the design of ontologies in specific contexts. Research by Sharif (2008), Bavakhani (2015), Hassanzadeh, Kahani, and Pourmasoumi (2016), Mardpour and Dehghan-Tafti (2017), Akbari and Rajabi-Bahjat (2018), Fuchs-Kittowski and Faust (2008), Cavaliere et al. (2019), and Outa et al. (2020) fall into this category. In this context, Bavakhani (2015) explored the interrelationship between ontologies and knowledge management. Cavalier et al. (2019) designed an ontology design model for analyzing video content captured by drones in their study. The findings of the studies in this group indicate that in contemporary organizations, there is a necessity to utilize ontologies in processes related to existing knowledge.
 
2.2. Studies that specifically address the design of organizational ontologies
The second category includes studies that specifically address the design of organizational ontologies for various organizations. Research by Delavari (2018), Rajabi and Alineghizadeh Ardestani (2019), Gualtieri and Rafolu (2005), Santos et al. (2013), and Elnagar et al. (2022) are included in this group. Rajabi and Alineghizadeh Ardestani (2019) presented a data-driven approach to develop an architectural model using organizational ontology. Elnagar et al. (2022) offered a framework for the automatic production of ontologies from an organizational perspective in their research.

Methodology

This study was developmental-applied research in nature and qualitative research in terms of approach, conducted using qualitative content analysis and design methods. The statistical population includes all entities of the Ehya Sepahan Company (data entities, human resources, organizational positions), as well as the classes and attributes present in the organizational ontology.
The research was conducted in several sections; initially, by examining the organizational ontology, the classes and attributes needed for modeling the entities and attributes present in the Ehya Sepahan Company were identified. Subsequently, through reviewing organizational documents, the organizational structure, job descriptions, and various departments of the company, the organizational entities and the characteristics of each were identified. With the identification of the entities and main concepts of the company, the necessary classes and attributes were determined. Since the aim of this study was to design a company ontology based on a semantic web data model, alongside the main classes and attributes of its organizational ontology, standard metadata classes and attributes from the Schema.org data model were used. In this research, Observation and documentary methods and a checklist are utilized for gathering the required data.

Results

The findings of this research revealed that the entities of Ehya Sepahan Company are divided into internal and external entities. In total, 9 main entities and 3 external entities were identified for the company’s ontology. Various attributes were provided for each of these 12 entities. A total of 152 attributes were identified for the 12 entities of the company, and these attributes were assigned to different entities. For the internal entities, 147 attributes were used, while for the external entities, 21 attributes were utilized.
The findings revealed that most of the attributes considered for company entities are presented in the schema.org standard. So, all the mentioned attributes for Organization, Person, Website, and Product entities in schema.org are consistent with the attributes needed to describe the company entities. the investigation of organizational ontology showed that this ontology has 9 entities and all these entities were used to design the ontology of Ehya Sepahan company. Likewise, the results showed that there is a good alignment between the attributes of the organizational ontology and the schema.org metadata standard. 

Discussion

Based on the finding it could be said that the entities of the company each possess unique characteristics. Accordingly, specific attributes were considered in the organizational ontology based on the features of each of these entities to provide an accurate and appropriate description of the company and its entities. For a large number of attributes considered for the company’s entities, suitable attributes are provided in schema.org. All the attributes mentioned for organizational entities, such as person, website, and product, align with the necessary attributes needed to describe the company’s entities in schema.org. The reason for this suitable alignment between entities and the attributes of the organizational ontology and schema.org is the comprehensive perspective of schema.org as a semantic web data model for describing various types of data entities.

Conclusion

In general, it can be stated that organizational ontologies are one of the efficient tools for accurate description and knowledge discovery of data entities of organizations that can be used to facilitate and speed up processes and decisions in the organization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Organizational Ontology
• Semantic Web Data Models
• Organizational Entities
• Ahya Sepahan Iron and Steel Company
• Schema.org